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In the last few years due to improvement of technology education system in India has developed. Smart Class, video conferencing is some of the examples of modern trends in educational system. Student Attendance Management Systemis an android based application which helps the institute to move forward, fulfill their vision accomplish their goals.It generates the attendance of the student on basis of their presence in class. It is maintained on the daily basis of their attendance. The staffs will be provided with the separate username &password to take the student’s status. It helps the teacher to take attendance through their smart phone and to keep the record of the attendance in their pocket for any time use.

Attendance Management System ANDROID APPLICATION

[1]. Abdullah, Hamsa A., Israa A. Mohson, and Ether S. Mohamad Ali. "Student Attendance Management System." i-Manager”s Journal on Information Technology 4, no. 2 (2015): 7.
[2]. Shoewu, O, O.M. Olaniyi, and A. Lawson. 2011. “Embedded Computer-Based Lecture Attendance Management System”. African Journal of Computing and ICT (Journal of IEEE Nigeria Computer Section). 4(3):27 – 36.
[3]. Kadry, S. and M. Smaili. 2010. “Wireless Attendance Management System Based on Iris Recognition”.
[4]. Cheng, K., L. Xiang, T. Hirota, and K. Ushijimaa. 2005. “Effective Teaching for Large Classes with Rental PCs by Web System WTS”. Pro. Data Engineering Workshop (DEWS2005), 1D – d3 (in Japanese).
[5]. Chikkerur, S.S. 2005. “Online Fingerprint Verification System”. M.Sc. Thesis. SUNY: Buffalo, NY.
[6]. Saraswat, C. et al. 2010. “An Efficient Automatic Attendance System using Fingerprint Verification Technique”. International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering. 2(02):264-269.

Saptorshi Bhattacharjee, Dipankar Kundu, Shinjini Raychaudhuri, Papiya Chakraborty, "Attendance Management System an Android Application", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.04, Issue.06, pp.51-55, 2016.

This paper presents a high step-up dc-dc converter based on the Cockcroft-Walton (CW) voltage multiplier without using step-up transformer. The proposed converter is quite suitable for applying low-input dc voltage, to high output dc voltage generation systems. It provides continuous input current to load with low ripple voltage and current. Voltage stress on the all switching device, diodes, and capacitors can be minimised. Moreover, based on the 2-stage Cockcroft-Walton (CW) voltage multiplier, the proposed converter can provide a suitable dc source like solar cells, fuel cell and other type source cascaded for HV generation. In this paper, the control strategy employs two independent frequencies, one operates at high frequency to minimize the size of the inductor and other one operates at relatively low frequency to the desired output voltage ripple. The simulations carried over by the MATLAB-Simulink and Proteus Simulator.

Cascaded Circuit , Cockcroft-Walton (CW) Voltage Multiplier, Frequency Multiplier, Ripple Loss.

[1] M.N.Karthikeyan,R.P.Pandu,M.Gopisivaprasad, G.Seshadri, “Analysis, Simulation of 3-Stage Cockcroft-Walton Voltage Multiplier for High Step-Up Dc-Dc Converter,” IJAREEIE, Vol. 3, Issue 8, August 2014.
[2] L. S. Yang, T. J. Liang, and J. F. Chen, “Transformer less dc-dc converters with high step-up voltage gain,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 8, pp. 3144–3152, Aug. 2009.
[3] G. R. Walker and P. C. Sernia, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Cascaded dc-dc converter connection of photovoltaic modules, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 1130–1139, Jul. 2004.
[4] R. Kalaivani and R. Prince., ‘DC-DC converter based on cascade Cockcroft- Walton voltage multiplier for high voltage gain without using transformer’. International journal of engineering Science and innovative technology (IJESIT) volume 2, issue 2, March 2013.
[5] S.S. Tijare, G.D. Thakare, R. P. Argelwar , Multi-Purpose DC High Voltage Generator using Cockcroft-Walton Voltage Multiplier Circuit, International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 2, Issue 12, pp. 821-823, 2015.
[6] Nikhil M. Waghamare, Rahul P. Argelwar , High Voltage Generation by using Cockcroft-Walton Multiplier, International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), Volume 4, Issue 2, pp. 256-259, February 2015.
[7] I. C. Kobougias and E. C. Tatakis, Optimal Design of a Half-Wave CockcroftWalton Voltage Multiplier With Minimum Total Capacitance, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 24602468, Sep. 2010.
[8] D. P.Reddy, V. Suvitha, K. Somasekhar, DC-DC Converter Based on Cockcroft-Walton for High Voltage Gain, International Journal Of Innovative Research & Development, Vol 3 Issue 3, pp. 26-32,Mar. 2014.
[9] M. D. Bellar, E. H. Watanabe, and a. C. Mesquita, Analysis of the dynamic and steady-state performance of Cockcroft- Walton cascade rectifiers, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 526534, Jul. 1992.
[10] J. Kwon, E. Kim, B. Kwon, and K. Nam, High-Efficiency Fuel Cell Power Conditioning System With Input Current Ripple Reduction, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 826834, Mar. 2009
[11] C. L. Wadhwa ―High Voltage Engineering ,New Age International Publication. pp. 56-63.

Shuva Bhattacharya, Debkumar Mazumder, Taina Bose, Malay Kumar Das, Suman Ghosal, Sougata Jana, "Design of a Cascaded DC High Voltage Generator Based on Cockcroft-Walton Voltage Doubler Circuit", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.04, Issue.06, pp.56-59, 2016.

One of the basic needs for development of any nation in the world is to provide reliable and steady supply of electricity. Now-a-days the electrical energy is considered to be the driving force for social and economic development of a nation. To cope with the growing demand of electricity, it is become a necessity to generate power from different renewable energy resources. In context of this, generation of electricity using sustainable energy resources can be more productive. This paper describes a hybrid Electrical Power Generation model by integrating photovoltaic Solar Energy and Wind Energy without disturbing the ecological balance. Basically we can achieve uninterrupted power by using this hybrid energy system. Moreover this process reduces the generation cost to a minimum value. The equipment consists of combination of PV solar-cell, a mast mounted wind generator, storage batteries and an inverter used to convert DC power to AC power throughout the system. This hybrid solar-wind power generating system is suitable for both Industries and domestic utilization.

Hybrid Power Model, PV Cell, Renewable Energy, Solar Energy, Solar-Wind Model, Wind Energy

[1] Guy J. Consolmagno and Martha W. Schaefer, World”s Apart: A.Textbook in Planetary Sciences (1994) Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
[2] F. C. Treble, 1991, Generating Electricity from the Sun, Pergamon Press, Oxford, England.
[3] M. R. Patel, 1999, Wind and Solar Power Systems, CRC Press, Florida.
[4] H. P. Garg, J. Prakash, 2002, Solar Energy Fundamentals and Applications, 1st Edition,Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi.
[5] G. Willeke, 1987, G. Grassi, Photovoltaic Power Generation, D. Reidel Publishing Co, Holland.
[6] Alda, J. Rico-García, J. López-Alonso,and G. Boreman, "Optical antennas for nano-photonic applications," Nanotechnology, vol. 16, pp. S230-4, 2005
[7] Efficiency of Nano-antenna comparison with solar panel
http://www.ecogeek.org/content/view/1329
[8] Burton T., Sharpe D., Jenkins N., Bossanyi E., “Wind Energy Handbook”, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., England, 2001, pp. 41-170.
[9] N.Sivaramakrishna ,Ch.Kasi Ramakrishna Reddy, Hybrid Power Generation through combined solar – wind power and modified solar panel , International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT)- Volume 4 Issue 5,May2013
[10]Ashish S. Ingole, Prof. B. S. Rakhonde, Hybrid Power Generation System Using Wind Energy and Solar Energy, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 5, Issue 3, March 2015
[11] Vivek Dixit, J.S.Bhatia, Analysis and Design of a Domestic Solar –Wind Hybrid Energy System for Low Wind Speeds, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 –8887) Volume72, No.22, June 2013
[12] M. R. Patel, Wind and Solar Power Systems, CRC Press.
[13] Kavita Sharma, Prateek Haksar “Designing of Hybrid Power Generation System using Wind Energy-Photovoltaic Solar Energy-Solar Energy with Nanoantenna” , International Journal of Engineering Research And Applications (IJERA)Vol. 2, Issue 1,Jan-Feb 2012, pp.812-815
[14] Sandeep Kumar, Vijay Kumar Garg, “A Hybrid model of Solar-Wind Power Generation System”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering (IJAREEIE), Vol. 2, Issue 8, August 2013, pp. 4107-4016.

Soumya Mukherjee, Sougata Jana, Amartya Roy, Swapan Santra, "Hybrid Power Generation Model using Wind Energy and Solar Energy", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.04, Issue.06, pp.60-64, 2016.

In this paper a bit-plane based novel image encryption technique has been proposed using pixel shuffling based on characteristics of bit position within a pixel. The image is decomposed into eight binary bit-planes and all the bit-planes are scrambled using Recursive Positional Substitution based on Prime - Nonprime method. The performance of the algorithm is a discussed against common attacks like brute force attack, cipher related attacks and Differential attacks. Test through histogram analysis, correlation co-efficient analysis are provided in simulations and security analysis to shows enhanced performance of the proposed algorithm.

Image Encryption; Bit-Plane Decomposition; Scrambling; Pixel Shuffling; Histogram Analysis

[1] Iyer K. C. and Subramanya A., "Image Encryption by Pixel property Separation", International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR), 2009.
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[3] National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)," http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips197/fips-197.pdf,2001.
[4] Zhou Yicong, Cao Weijia, Philip Chen C.L.," Image encryption using binary bitplane", ScienceDirect, Signal Processing, 197-207, www.elsevier.com/locate/sigpro. 2014,
[5] Zhou Yicong, "Image Encryption Algorithms Based on Generalized P-Gray Code Bit Plane Decomposition", Conference Record of the Forty-Third Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, ISSN: 1058-6393, DOI: 10.1109/ACSSC.2009.5469840, IEEE.H,2009.
[6] Y. Zhou, K.Panetta, S.Agaian, C.L.P. Chen, "Image encryption using p-Fibonacci transform and decomposition", Opt. Commun. 285(5) , 594-608 2012.
[7] Kekre H.B., Sarode Tanuja, Halarnkar Pallavi, " Image Scrambling Using R-Prime Shuffle on Image and Image Blocks", International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol. 3, Issue 2. ISSN(print): 2319-5940,February 2014.
[8] Mandal J. K. et al., "Adaptive Partial Image Encryption Technique based on Chaotic Map", Fourth International Conference of Emerging Applications of Information technology, 2014.
[9] Sun Qiudong, Yan Wenying, Huang Jiangwei, Ma Wenxin, " Image Encryption Based on Bit-plane Decomposition and Random Scrambling", 978-1-4577-1415-3/12, IEEE 2012.
[10] Mandal, J. K., Dutta, S. "Development & Analysis of a Ciphering Model through Recursive Positional Substitution based on Prime-Nonprime of Cluster", Association for the Advancement of Modeling and Simulation Techniques in Enterprises (AMSE, France), 2008.
[11] Zhou Yicong, Panetta Karen, Agaian Sos, "Image Encryption Using Binary Key-images", IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics San Antonio, TX, USA - October 2009.
[12] Wadi Salim Mushin, Zainal Nasharuddin, "Decomposition by binary codes-based speedy image encryption algorithm for multiple applications", IET Image Processing ( Volume:9, Issue: 5), DOI: 10.1049/iet-ipr.2014.0514, 2015.
[13] Singh Anurag, Dhanda Namrata, " DIP Using Image Encryption and XOR Operation Affine Transform", IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE), Vol. 17, Issue 2, 2015.
[14] Somaraj Shrija, Hussain Mohammed Ali, " Securing Medical Images by Image Encryption using Key Image", IJCA, Vol. 104 - No. 3, 2014.
[15] Gonzales R.C., Woods R.E., Digital Image Processing, 3rd edition, Pearson Prentice Hall.

Madhuchhanda Dasgupta and J. K. Mandal, "Bit-plane Oriented Image Encryption through Prime-Nonprime based Positional Substitution (BPIEPNPS)", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.04, Issue.06, pp.65-70, 2016.

Harnessing wind power using induction generators have been widely practiced throughout the world. Hybrid wind solar generation schemes are a good option in grid isolated places. This paper presents a single-phase dual stator winding induction generator combined with a strategically connected photovoltaic panel for standalone operation suitable for microgeneration. This scheme can be installed in remote and grid unreachable areas as a reliable electrical source of power. The variable reactive power requirement of the generator is provided by a single-phase inverter. The variable frequency inverter source regulates the load voltage during fluctuating loads or low wind speeds. The generated voltage is converted to DC and is also assisted by the photovoltaic panel for battery charging. A fixed frequency inverter can then be used to supply the single-phase domestic loads. Suitable simulations validate the proposed strategy backed by experimental findings on a 250W, 240V, 50Hz, 4-pole generator.

Single-phase induction generator; Hybrid generation; Wind power; Grid-isolated operation

[1] M.R Patel, “Wind and Solar Power Systems”, 2nd edn., CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2006.
[2] J.M Elder, J.T. Boys and J.L. Woodward, “Self-excited induction machine as a small low-cost generator”, IEE Proc. C, Vol. 131, Issue-2, pp. 33-41, March 1984.
[3] L. Wang and C.H. Lee, “A novel analysis on the performance of an isolated self-excited induction generator,” IEEE Trans Energy Conv., Vol. 12, Issue-2, pp. 109-117, 1997.
[4] T. Ahmed, K. Nishida and M. Nakaoka, “A novel stand-alone induction generator system for ac and dc power applications,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., Vol. 43, Issue-6, pp. 1465-1474, 2007.
[5] G. Marra and J.A. Pomilio, “Self-excited induction generator controlled by a VS-PWM bidirectional converter for rural applications,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., Vol. 35, Issue-4, pp. 877–883, 1999.
[6] S. Murthy, “A novel self excited self regulated single phase induction generator. I. Basic System and Theory,” IEEE Trans Energy Conv., Vol. 8, Issue-3, pp. 377-382, Sept 1993.
[7] Y.H.A. Rahim, A.I. Alolah and R.I. Al Mudaiheem “Performance of single phase induction generators,” IEEE Trans Energy Conv., Vol. 8, Issue-3, pp. 389-395, Sept 1993.
[8] S.S. Murthy, B. Singh and V. Sandeep, “A novel and comprehensive performance analysis of a single-phase two-winding self-excited induction generator,” IEEE Trans. Energy Conv., Vol. 27, Issue-1, pp. 117-127, March 2012.
[9] O. Ojo, O. Omozusi and A. Jimoh, “The operation of inverter assisted single phase induction generator,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, Vol. 47, Issue-3, pp. 632-640, June 2000.
[10] T. Hirose and H. Matsuo, “Standalone Hybrid Wind-Solar Power Generation System Applying Dump Power Control Without Dump Load,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, Vol. 59, Issue-2, pp. 988-997, Feb. 2012.
[11] R.G. Wandhare and V. Agarwal, “Novel Integration of a PV-Wind Energy System With Enhanced Efficiency,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron, Vol. 30, Issue-7, pp. 3638-3649, July 2015.
[12] A. Chatterjee, K. Roy and D. Chatterjee, “A Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) based Photo-Voltaic (PV) excitation control strategy for single phase operation of three phase wind-turbine coupled induction generator,” Energy, Vol. 74, pp. 707–718, 2014.
[13] S.J. Park, B.B. Kang, J.P. Yoon, I.S. Cha and J.Y. Lim, “A Study on the Stand-Alone Operating or Photovoltaid Wind Power Hybrid Generation System,” in Proc. 35th Annul IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Aachen, Germany, pp. 2095-2099, 2004.
[14] Q. Kou, S.A. Klein, and W.A. Beckman, “A method for estimating the long-term performance of direct coupled PV pumping systems,” Sol. Energy, Vol. 64, Issue-1, pp. 33–40, 1998.

Arunava Chatterjee and Debashis Chatterjee, "Analysis of a Hybrid Generation Scheme involving Wind and Solar PV for Grid Isolated Applications", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.04, Issue.06, pp.71-74, 2016.

Conventional control system adopts PID controller which cannot well adapt to non-linearity, parameter variation, disturbance and change of objective architecture. To strictly limit the overshoot, using fuzzy control we can achieve great control effect. By using fuzzy logic, designers can realize lower development costs, superior features, and better end product performance. The only reasons are faster and cheaper. The Fuzzy control is very much useful for controlling the tank level of the liquid. The purpose of this setup is to design a simulation system of fuzzy logic controller for liquid level control by using Fuzzy Logic Toolbox and MATLAB Simulink software. Thats why in this paper, an attempt is made to compare the control effect due to fuzzy control and conventional PID control and by comparing we will see that fuzzy control is superior to PID control. Result shows that the fuzzy control gives more concentration to different parameters, such as the time of response, the steady state error and overshoot.

Level transducers, Control loop, Control system, Process control, Conventional controller, Crisp set, Fuzzy set, Fuzzy logic controller

[1] Rem Langari, “Past, Present and Future of Fuzzy Control: A Case for Application of Fuzzy Logic in Hierarchical Control”, IEEE, 1999, pp.760-765.
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[6] P.Ramanathan, Sukany A.K.C,S. Mishra, S. Ramasamy” Study on Fuzzy Logic and PID Controller for Temperature Regulation of a System with Time Delay”, IEEE, 2013, pp.274-277.
[7] Sahil Chandan, Rahul Agnihotri,” Fuzzy logic Controller for Flowing Fluids”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology, Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2012.
[8] Dharamniwas, Aziz Ahmad, Varun Redhu, Umesh Gupta,” Liquid Level Control By Using Fuzzy Logic Controller”, International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, July 2012.
[9] Davood M. Souran, S. H. Abbasi, F. Shabaninia ,” Comparative Study between Tank’s Water Level Control Using PID and Fuzzy Logic Controller”, Springer,Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing ,Volume 195, 2013, pp 141-153.
[10] Timothy J. Ross. Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications. McGraw Hill, 1995.
[11] Considine, Douglas M. Process/Industrial Instruments and Controls Handbook. (McGraw Hill, 1999).
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[13] Mary, P.M., Marimuthu, N.S., "Design of Self-Tuning Fuzzy Logic Controller for The Control of An Unknown Industrial Process," Control Theory & Applications, lET, Vpl.3, No.4, 2009 pp.428-436.
[14] Venugopal P, Ajanta Ganguly, Priyanka Singh,” Design of Tuning Methods of PID Controller Using Fuzzy Logic”, International Journal of Emerging trends in Engineering and Development Issue 3, Vol.5, September,2013.
[15] Farhad Aslam and Gagandeep Kaur. Article: Comparative Analysis of Conventional, P, PI, PID and Fuzzy Logic Controllers for the Efficient Control of Concentration in CSTR. International Journal of Computer Applications 17(6):12-16, March 2011.
[16] Srinivas, P.; Prasada Rao, P. Durga,” Comparative Analysis of Conventional PID Controller and Fuzzy Controller with Various Defuzzification Methods In A Three Tank Level Control System”, International Journal of Information Technology, Control & Automation, Vol. 2 Issue 4, 2012, pp.75-86.

Bikas Mondal, Md. Aref Billaha, Bhaskar Roy and Rahit Saha, "Performance Comparison of Conventional PID and Fuzzy Logic Controller in the Field of over headed Water Level Control System", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.04, Issue.06, pp.76-81, 2016.

Robotic hands so far made were done by usingmicrocontroller and were wired based. Though number of degrees of freedom can be increased as well as precision of the arm increases with the help of using microcontroller, but eventually the roboarm used to become costly. In this paper we have tried to make a Roboarm capable of enacting human hand gesture which is microcontrollerless and more over it is based on Wireless communication technique. For picking purpose we have used Servo Motors and for controlling the servos we used Servo driver using 555 Timer. Humans pick things up without thinking about the steps involved in it. In order for a robot or a robotic arm to pick up or move something, someone needs to tell it to perform several actions in a particular manner such as moving the arm, to rotating the “wrist” to opening and closing the “hand” or “fingers”.

Pwm based, Wireless(434Mhz Radio Frequncy have been used instead), Degrees of Freedom, Microcontrollerless

[1] Fundamentals Of Robotics - Analysis And Control, Robert J schilling
[2] International Journal on Robotics and Automation ,
[3] Prof.M.Kamel
[4] Dr. R. V. Dharaskar, S. A. Chhabria, Sandeep Ganorkar, "Robotic Arm Control Using Gesture and Voice", In International Journal of Computer, Information Technology & Bioinformatics (IJCITB)
[5] Robotics control sensing vision and intelligence, K.S.Fu, R.C.Gonzalez,C.S.G.Lee
[6] http://www.robotoid.com/appnotes/circuits-servo-control-with-555-timer.html
[7] http://www.intorobotics.com/best-projects-diy-robotic-arms/
[8] http://www.academia.edu/5593655/Robotic_Arm_Final_Year_Project_Report/
[9] http://maxembedded.com/2011/09/rf-module-interfacing-without-microcontroller

Atreyee Mitra, Sankhojjal Chatterjee, Shamik Bakshi and Suvobroto Banerjee , "Hand Gesture Controlled ARM", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.04, Issue.06, pp.83-85, 2016.

We have expounded a new simple algorithm to solve non-linear Volterra integral equations via HF and drawn a comparative study between HF and TF in solving two classes of Volterra integral equations, i.e. Volterra integral equation of 2nd kind and Volterra-Hammerstein equation. To exemplify the usability of this algorithm we have dealt an optimal control problem of a deterministic system via this algorithm.

Non-linear Volterra Integral Equations of 2nd Kind, Non-linear Volterra-Hammerstein Equations, Hybrid Functions, Triangular Functions, Optimal control, Cost function.

[1] Abdul J. Jerri, “Introduction to Integral Equations with Applications”, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1999.
[2] Abdul-Majid Wazwaz, “Linear and Nonlinear Integral Equations Methods and Applications”, Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York, ISBN 978-3-642-21448-6, 2011
[3] A. Deb, G. Sarkar, A. Ganguly and A. Biswas, “Approximation, integration and differentiation of time functions using a set of orthogonal hybrid functions and their application to solution of first order differential equations”, Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, 2012.
[4] A. Deb, A. Dasgupta, G. Sarkar, “A New Set of Orthogonal Functions and its Application to the Analysis of Dynamic Systems”, Journal of Franklin Institute, 343 (1), page no.:1-26, (2006).
[5] B. Sepehrian and M. Razzaghi, “Solution of Nonlinear Volterra-Hammerstein Integral Equations via Single-Term Walsh Series Method”, Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Volume (2005), Issue 5, pp 547-554, 2005.
[6] K. Maleknejad, E. Hashemizadeh and R. Ezzati, “A New Approach to the Numerical Solution of Volterra Integral Equations by Using Bernstein’s Approximation”, Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simulat, 16, page no.:647-655, (2011).
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[1] J.H. Chou, “Application of Legendre series to the optimal control of integro-differential equations”, Int J. Control, vol.45, no. 1, pp: 269-277,1987.

Anirban Mukhopadhyay, Anindita Ganguly and Saumya Deep Chatterjee, "Volterra Integral Equations via Triangular and Hybrid Orthogonal Functions", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.04, Issue.06, pp.86-91, 2016.

In this modern world of globalization, high speed technology and automation we can make robots which are faster, more efficient as well as intelligent according to our own work requirements with the help of proper knowledge on advance robotics and with the use of proper equipments. Each and every year in various parts of the world, due to natural calamity (e.g. earthquakes, landslides etc) or by any other sudden disaster which happens without any warning (e.g. sudden collapse of manmade structures such as bridges and high rise buildings, etc), many humans gets stuck and remains buried underneath various materials. It becomes impossible to detect them through conventional search and rescue operations (e.g. sniffer dogs) among the debris and are not rescued. These humans die eventually from suffocation or infection occurring in heavily injured body parts. But with the use of “Live Human Detection for Robotics in Urban Search and Rescue” we can still save maximum of them within a very short interval of time.

Cell Phone Operated Land Rover, PIR Sensor, A/V Camera, Solar Panel

[1] Chou Wusheng. Wang Tianmiao, You Song, "Sensor-based autonomous Control for telerobotic system", Proceedings of the 4th World Congress On Intelligent Control and Automation, 2002, vol.3, pp. 2430 - 2434.
[2] Miyama, S.; Imai, M.; Anzai, Y.; "Rescue robot under disaster Situation: position acquisition with Omni-directional Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2003.(IROS 2003), 27-31 Oct. 2003, vol.3, pp. 3132 - 3137.
[3] Albert Ko and Henry Y. K. Lau, „Robot Assisted Emergency Search and Rescue System With a Wireless Sensor Network‟, International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 3, February, 2009.
[4] Burion, Steve (2004), Casper, J. (2002), Amerada, Yams, Igarashit, & Matsunos, (2004) and Cappello,C., etal (2005) “Human Detection for Robotic Urban Search and Rescue” Carnegie Mellon University, Institute of Production Robotique (IPR) LSRO2–VRAI-Group.
[5] AfakSekmen, Ali S., Kawamura, Kazuhiko, and Wilkes, Mitch “An Application of Passive Human– Robot Interaction: Human Tracking Basedon Attention Distraction” IEEE, Vol. 32, No. 2, March 2002, PP. 248-259.
[6] Binoy Shah and Howie Choset. "Survey on Urban Search and Rescue Robotics" Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan, Vol.22, No.5, Page.582-586, 2004.
[7] Carlos Marques, Pedro Lima, Rodrigo Ventura “Semi-autonomous robot for rescue operations” Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, October 9 - 15, 2006, Beijing, China.
[8] Casper, J. “Human-Robot Interactions during the Robot-Assisted Urban Search and Rescue Response at the World Trade Centre”, IEEE Transactions, 2003, PP.367-385.
[9] R.Fuksis, M.Greitans, E.Hermanis “Motion Analysis and Remote Control System using Pyro-electric Infrared Sensors” IEEE, 2008. No. 6(86), PP. 69-72.
[10] Kai-Rui Zhao, Xin-Min Wang, Van Li, and Xiang Yu, "A Life detection System for Special Rescuing Robots" IEEE, 2006.
[11] LV Xiaohu and LIU Yongxin, “A Bionic gait programming for Hexapod Robot,” ICIS 2009, pp. 1172-1175, November 2009 [The 2nd International Conference on Interaction Sciences: Information technology, Culture and Human, Seoul Korea].
[12] RufaidaShamroukh, FahedAwad “Detection of surviving humans in destructed environments using a simulated autonomous robot” IEEE Transaction, March 24-26, 2009.
[13] Research by Sandeep Bhatia, Hardeep Singh Dhillon and Nitin Kumar on “Alive Human Body Detection system using an Autonomous MobileRescue Robot”, N. India Conference (INDICON), 2011 Annual IEEE Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109 /INDCON. 2011.6139388 Publication Year: 2011.

Sadeb Basu, Rajdip Bose, Tushar Mondal, Sourav Dutta, Arpan Bhunia, Debraj Chakraborty, "Live Human Detection for Robotics in Urban Search and Rescue", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.04, Issue.06, pp.92-95, 2016.

With the advent of telecommunications from the era of GSM to nowadays extensive LTE services multiple process have been metamorphosed to improve the efficiency of the services. Introduction of one such technique from 3GPP TS release version 10.0.0 to release 10.0.1 is Buffer Status Report and cancellation. To clarify the ambiguity about the quantity of data to be transferred and correspondingly allocation of bearer’s network typically requires the buffer status reports from User Equipment’s (UE) for scheduling of uplink resources. Extensive studies and research have established that the efficiency of scheduler will increase with the accuracy of the buffer status reports. Generally, in this paper, we propose and method for a UE to report accurate buffer status reports and also considering the circumstances to cancel the BSR in 3GPP Long Term Evolution.

LTE,LTE Protocol,MAC Layer,MAC Control Element

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[4] M. Assaad and A. Mourad, “New frequency-time scheduling algorithms for 3GPP/LTE-like OFDMA air interface in the downlink,” in Proc. VTC (Spring), pp. 1964–1969, May 2008..
[5] Lightweight protocols for LTE M2M networks,
[6] 3GPP TS Specification module 36.321

Sushovan Biswas, Rishi Raj Gupta, Malay Kr Das, "Analysis of 3GPP LTE MAC Layer Procedure", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.04, Issue.06, pp.96-98, 2016.