Volume-04 , Special Issue-06 , Aug - 2016 Go Back

This paper presents a comparative study between Particle Swarm optimization and Genetic Algorithm based methodology for solving load flow in electrical power systems. Load flow study provides the system status in steady-state and is required by several functions performed in power system control rooms.

Particle swarm optimization, Genetic Algorithm, Load flow, Electrical Power System, Score

[1] V.L. Paucar and M.J.Rider,“ On the use of artificial neural networks for enhanced onvergence of the load flow problem in power systems”, Proc. Of Intelligent Systems Applications to Power systems.pp.153-158,2001
[2]B.Stott, “Rivew of load flow calculation methods”, IEEE proc.,vol62,pp 916-929,1974.
[3]G.Lambert- Torres,L.E.B. daSilva, valiquette, H.Greiss and D.Mukhedkar,"A Fuzzy knowledge based system for bus load Forecasting”, Fuzzy Logic Technology and Applications, pp221-228, 1994.
[4]O.I.Elgerd,“ Electric Energy Systems Theory: An Introduction”, McGraw-Hill Publishing Co Ltd,1975.
[5]G.Lambert-Torres,A.P.A.da Silva,V.H.Quintana and L.E.B. da Silva, “Classification of Power system operation point using rough sets techniques”, Proc of IEEE International conference on Systems,Man and Sybernetics, Beijing, China,Vol3/4,pp.1898-1903,1996.
[6]J.Kennedy and R. Eberhart, “Swarm Intelligence”, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,2001
[7] K.S.Swarup, “Swarm intelligence approach to the solution of optimal power flow”,J.Indian Inst.Sci.,vol.86, pp.439-455,2006
[8]K. F. Man, K. S. Tang, and S. Kwong “Genetic Algorithms: Concepts and Applications” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 43, No. 5, October 1996

Poulami Ghosh, Anand Gopal Mukherjee, Siddharth Kumar Singh, Hari Prasad Dubey, "Result Analysis for Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithm for Load Flow Study", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.04, Issue.06, pp.99-105, 2016.

In this paper, I have developed a electronically simulated circuit models of RPC (Resistive Plate Chamber) detector which is a gas filled device used for detecting radiation. The aim of developing the circuit models was to represent the electronic characteristics of RPC detector through the model whose results closely matches the experimental results. In order to find the circuit model which best represented the detector, the total current flowing through the circuit in each case was calculated. The simulation was primarily done using MATLAB Simulink. The results obtained from this was compared with the experimental data.

RPC, MATLAB,Zener Diode

[1]. The dynamic behaviour of Resistive Plate Chambers- M.Abbrescia, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 533 (2004) 7-10
[2].Design and Characterization of a 2m x 2m Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) –Raveendrababu Karnam, INO Graduate Training Programme, TIFR

Sreeraka Chowdhury, Sushovan Biswas, Nayana Mujumdar, "Modeling and Simuiation Of RPC V-I curve (Using Matlab)", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.04, Issue.06, pp.106-108, 2016.

Recently Healthcare system becomes very much important in every days life. Medical images play an important role for clinical purposes and also for research of medical science. These images are very sensitive and can be modified easily with existing image processing tools. Faithfull recovery of these images is also very important for proper diagnosis. Some reversible watermarking can fulfill most of these requirements. In this paper we discuss some reversible watermarking schemes which are suitable for the medical imaging applications.

Reversible Watermarking, ROI, RONI,SSIM,PSNR

[1] S.C. Liew, J. M. Zain, “Reversible Medical Image Watermarking for tamper detection and recovery”, 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, Vol 5, 2010, pp 417-420.
[2] S.C. Huang, M.S. Lin, “A High-capacity Reversible Data hiding Scheme for medical images”, Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering, Vol. 30, (5), 2010, pp. 289-296.
[3] C.K. Tan, J.C. Ng, X. Xu, C.L. Poh , Y.L Guan, K. Sheah, “Security Protection of DICOM Medical Images Using Dual-Layer Reversible Watermarking with Tamper Detection Capability”, Journal of Digital Imaging, Vol. 24, (3), 2011, pp. 528-540.
[4] M Arsalan, S.A.Malik, A.Khan, “Intelligent reversible watermarking in integer wavelet domain for medical images”, Journal of Systems and Software, Vol. 85, (4), 2012, pp. 883–894.
[5] H.Maity, S.P.Maity, “Joint Robust and Reversible Watermarking for Medical Images”, International Conference on Communication, Computing & Security, 2012, pp. 275-282.
[6] M.S Hwanga , L.Y. Tsengb ,LC Huang, “A reversible data hiding method by histogram shifting in high quality medical images”, Journal of Systems and Software, Vol. 86, (3), 2013, pp. 716–727.
[7] Deng, Xiaohong; Chen, Zhigang; Zeng, Feng; Zhang, Yaoping; Mao, Yimin, “Authentication and Recovery of Medical Diagnostic Image Using Dual Reversible Digital Watermarking”, Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 13, (3), 2013, pp. 2099-2107.
[8] B.Lei, E.L.Tan, S.Chen, D.Ni, T.Wang, H.Lei, “Reversible watermarking scheme for medical image based on differential evolution”, Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 41, (7), 2014, pp. 3178–3188.
[9] M. Kumar, H. Agarwal, “Reversible Watermarking Scheme for Medical Image”, International Conference on Issues and Challenges n Inteligent Computing Techniques, , 2014, pp. 844-847.
[10] A. Phadikar, P. Jana, B.S Phadikar, G.K Maity, “Reversible Watermarking using Channel Coding and Lifting for Cultural Heritage and Medical Image”, International Journal of Information and Computer Security, Vol. 8, (1), 2016, pp. 34-54.
[11] B.Han, J.Li, M.Huang, “A Novel Medical Image Watermarking in Three-dimensional Fourier Compressed Domain”, International Journal Bioautomation, Vol. 19, (3), 2015, pp. 397-408.
[12] B.Han, J.Li, “Medical Image Watermarking in Sub-block Three-dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform Domain”, International Journal Bioautomation, Vol. 20, (1), 2016, pp. 69-78.
[13]Z. Wang, A. C. Bovik, H. R. Sheikh, and E. P. Simoncelli, “Image Quality Assessment: From Error Measurement to Structural Similarity,” IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 13, 2004, pp. 1-14.

Subhasis Hazra, Himadri Mandal, Poulami Jana, "A survey on Reversible Watermarking Techniques for Medical Image", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.04, Issue.06, pp.109-113, 2016.

This project attempts a new speed control technique for the A.C three-phase induction motor. It uses optimized soft-start to start induction motor. At the time of starting Induction motor draws high amount of current (Starting Current) which is 6 times of full load current, to prevent this starter is needed. Here we are using PIC18F4550 to control the soft-start. Input control signal to PIC, which gives Digital output to DAC (Digital to analog converter). DAC converts digital input of PIC to analog output. This analog output is given to Op-Amp, for maintain reference output, which in turn is gives supply to opto-coupler for protection of Control Circuit. It presents a design of a low-cost; high-efficiency drive capable of supplying a three-phase induction motor.

Soft-start, Induction Motor, Micro-controller, Proteus, Digital to Analog Converter

[1] J. A. Kay, R. H. Paes, G. Seggewiss, and R. G. Ellis, “Methods for the Control of Large Medium-Voltage Motors: Application Considerations & Guidelines,” IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, Vol. 36, No. 6, pp. 1688-1696, November/ December 2000.
[2] A. K. Mukhopadhyay, “Matrix Analysis of Electrical Machines”, New Age International Limited Publishers, 2003, ch. 7, pp.77-104.
[3] I. F. Akyildiz, X. Wang, and W. Wang, “Wireless Mesh Networks: A Survey”, Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, Vol.47, Issue-2, 2005, pp.445-487.
[4] Blaabjerg, F., Pedersen, lK., Rise, S., Hansen, H.-H. and Trzynadlowski ,A. M. (Sept.-Oct. 1997). Can Soft Starter Help Save Energy. IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, Vol. 3, pp. 56 - 66.
[5] Lukitsch, W,J (4-6 May 1999). Soft Starter Vs AC Drivers Understand the Differences. IEEE Textile, Fiber and Film Industry Technical Corfe rence, p. 5.
[6] Sastry, V.V., Prasad, M.R. and Sivakumar, T.V (Nov. 1997). Optimal soft starting of voltage-controller-fed 1M drive based on voltage across thyristors. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 12, pp. 1041 - 1051.

Maharshi Ghosh, Govind Kumar, S K Ray, Rohit Sharma, Prasanta Pattanayak, Amartya Roy , "Micro-Controller Based Soft Start for three Phase Induction Motor", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.04, Issue.06, pp.114-117, 2016.

In India fossil fuel are depleting fast due to ever rising population, over-exploitation, besides increasing the environmental cost. Conventional thermal power has some demerits due to the depletion of recourses, pollution, etc. Society is shifting from agricultural to Industrial / Commercial based , with modern lifestyle which leads to urbanization .Since land area is fixed multistoried buildings are growing fast. The demand for electrical energy is also increasing rapidly. This calls for other form of energy generation, especially through renewable resources. India is privileged with its geographical position closed to equator and has almost 300 days with 10hours solar irradiance with average value of 1335W/m2. So the urban planning with utilization of solar panels need to be incorporated together to reduce energy consumption and save fuel for the future generations. This huge amount of solar resource potential gets wasted which can be utilized by urban built form geometry modifications taking the building shape and density aspects and implementing solar panels on the roof of the buildings also. The design need to be done in a way so that maximum solar potential can be utilized and shadows due to other buildings are avoided. The main aim of this research work is to analyze various methods for calculating the solar PV potential and measure the potential of solar photovoltaic capacity.

Irradiance , Energy output, Solar PV Potential , Solar Radiation, and Urban Built Form Geometry

[1]Souvik Ganguli, Sunanda Sinha, Assessment of Solar Photovoltaic Generation Potential & Estination of Possible Plant Capacity for 100m2 Available Area in Kolkata,Journal of engineering Research and Studies, E-ISSN 0976-7916.
[2]Beckman, J., Duffie, W. (1991). Solar engineering of thermal processes. New York: Whiley.
[3]IEA-PVPS (2014). Trends 2014 in Photovoltaic Applications.http://www.iea-pvps.org/index.php?
[4] IEA-SHC (2015). International Energy Agency - Solar Heating and Cooling Programme.http://iea-shc.org/
[5] Gomes, J., Diwan, L., Bernardo, R., Karlsson, B. (2013). Minimizing the Impact of Shading at Oblique Solar Angles in a Fully Enclosed Asymmetric Concentrating PVT Collector.2013 ISES Solar World Congress, Energy Procedia 57, 2176-2185.
[6]Kanters, J., Davidsson, H. (2014). Mutual shading of PV modules on flat roofs: a parametric study. 2013 ISES Solar World Congress, Energy Procedia 57, 1706-1715.
[7]NREL (2015). System Advisor Model (SAM).https://sam.nrel.gov/.
[8]R Compagnon, Solar and Daylight Availability in the Urban Fabric, University of Applied Science of Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Ecoled ingenieurs at d-architects de Fribourg, 80 Bd. De Perolles,1705 Fribourg Switzerland.
[9]Christoph F Reinhart, TimurDogan, J AlstanJakubiec, TarekRakha and Andrew Sang,UMI- an Urban simulation Environment for Building,MassachusettsInstitute of Technology of Technology, Department of Architecture, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.use
[10] Timur Dogan1, Prof. Christoph Reinhart2 , and Panagiotis Michalatos1, URBAN DAYLIGHT SIMULATION CALCULATING THE DAYLIT AREA OF URBAN DESIGNS 1 Harvard Graduate School of Design, Cambridge, MA 2 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA www.urbandaylight.de
[11]Vicky Cheng1 , Koen Steemers1 , Marylene Montavon2 and Raphaël Compagnon3 Urban Form, Density and Solar Potential, 1 Department of Architecture, The Martin Centre, University of Cambridge, UK 2 Solar Energy and Building Physics Laboratory (LESO-PB), EcolePolytechniqueFédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland 3 University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Ecoled Ingénieurs et d-Architectes de Fribourg, Switzerland.
[12]MihailTodorov, Implementation of Solar Energy in Urban Planning(Analysis of SAFAR as a solar potential Metric & Improvement of simulation Tools, , Master Thesis in Energy Efficient and Environmental Building faculty of Engineering, Lund University.
[13]O Brien, W., Kennedy1, C., Athienitis, A. and Kesik, T. (2010) The relationship between personal net energy use and the urban density ofsolar buildings.Environment
and Planning B: Planning and Design 37(6), 1002 – 1021.
[14]Larsvall, M., Teder, M., Engdahl, B., Carlsson, C. (2010). ReflexioneröverStadsplaneringensVardagsfrågor. Malmö: Malmö stad.
[15]Álvarez, J. R. (2013). Energy and urban form: A top-down assessment tool. Munich: PLEA2013.
[16]MihailTodorov, Implementation of Solar Energy in Urban Planning(Analysis of SAFAR as a solar potential Metric & Improvement of simulation Tools, , Master Thesis in Energy Efficient and Environmental Building faculty of Engineering, Lund University.(page 17).
[17]D.P.Kothari, K.C. Singal, Rakesh Ranjan, Renewable Energy Sources and Emerging Technologies,(Page54-55)

Shambhabi Chatterjee, Kamalika Ghosh, Debashish Das, "Analyzing various approaches for Measurement of Solar PV Potential through Urban Built Form Geometry modifications", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.04, Issue.06, pp.118-123, 2016.

Power System Stabilizer (PSS) is used to add damping to generator’s oscillations. It is achieved by modulating the generator’s excitation so as to produce adequate of electrical torque in phase with the rotor speed deviations. In this paper a power system stabilizer has been designed based upon lead-lag compensator and a washout time constant. The effectiveness of the power system stabilizer designed through this method is demonstrated by simulation of a sample power system for various loading conditions using MATLAB.

Low frequency oscillations, Power system stabilizer, Power system stability, Lead-Lag compensator

[1] Sauer Peter W & Pai M A-‘’Power System Dynamics and Stability’’ (AEARSON Educations)
[2] Rajan Rajeev k,Pai M. A & Sauer P W-‘Analytical Formulation of small Signal Stability Analysis of Power System with NonlinearLoad Models’ (Sadhna, Vol.18,Part%,September 1993,pp.869-889)
[3] Balwinder Sing Surjan, "Linearized Modelling of Simgle Machine StabilityInvestigation and Enhancement", International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering and Technology, ISSN: 2278-1323, Vol. 1, no. 8, pp. 21, October 2012
[4] K. Padiyar, "Power system dynamic", BS Publications, 2008
[5] A Anderson and. A Fouad ,"Power System Control and stability". IEEEPower systems, 1994
[6] A. Chakrabarti, "Power System Dynamics and Simulation", PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2013
[7] P. Kundur, M. Klein, "Application of Power System Stabilizers for Enhancement of Overall System Stability ", IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 614-626, May 1989.
[8] F. P. Demello and C. Concordia – “Concepts of Synchronous Machine Stability as affected by Excitation Control”. IEEE Trans on PAS, Vol. 88, No. 5, 1969,pp 316 – 329. P. Kundur, M. Klein, G. J. Rogers and M. S. Zwyno – “Application of power system stabilizers for enhancement of overall system stability”, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 4, No. 2, May 1989, pp. 614-626.
[9] Amitava Sil, T.K. Gangopadhyaya, S. Paul, A. K. Mitra, "Design of Robust Power System Stabilizer Using H∞ Mixed Sensitivity Technique", Third International Conference on Power Systems,Kharagpur, Paper No. 174, December 2009.
[10] A Anderson and. A Fouad ,"Power System Control and stability". IEEE Power systems, 1994.
[11] Automatic control systems, Benzamin C.kuo, Printice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 2001

Swapan Santra, Subrata Paul, "Conventional Power System Stabilizer Design", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.04, Issue.06, pp.124-129, 2016.

Now a day’s LEDS have also been used in outdoor illumination due to their low power consumption and high life as compared with conventional lighting solutions. These LEDs may be operated in an environment with high humidity and high temperature. All these environmental effects may lead to increase the light decay and end of the result leads to lamps failure. In this paper, Surface Mounted (SMD) and Chip on board (COB) type LEDs were studied by high humidity and high temperature in the environment test chamber to find their light decaying behavior. Another aging test would be established by using rapid life cycle switching mechanisms. It is found that environmental effects as well as rapid switching are the serious causes for lumen decay of these LEDs.

Aging; Illuminance; Life cycle; Optical decay; Relative humidity

[1] Waymouth and John F, “ Electric Discharge Lamps”, Cambridge ,MA: MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-23048-3, OCLC 214331.
[2] Jack L Lindsey, “Applied Illumination Engineering”, Published by The Fairmont Press, INC, page no-19-56.
[3] N Grandjean, “ LED light sources (light for future)”, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol 43, Number 35, 2010.
[4] Peter Boyce and Peter Raynham, “The SLL Lighting Handbook”, The Society of Light and Lighting (CIBSE), ISBN 978-1-906846-02-2, 2009, page no-51.
[5] Guangning Xu, Zeya Peng, Huanxiang Xu, Xianjun Kuang and Lei Zhang, “ Typical Failure Mechanism of LED Package “, 2014 15th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology- Publisher IEEE, DOI- 10.1109/ICEPT.2014.6922857, Page- 1194-1197, 12-15 August, 2014.
[6] Xingfu Cheng, Xianming Liu, Weimin Chen and Wei Lai, “Thermal analysis of light-emitting diodes based on photo-electro-thermal relationship,” Solid State Lighting (SSL CHINA) 2014 11th China International Forum- Publisher IEEE, ISBN-978-1-4799-6696-7, page-14-18, 6-8 Nov, 2014.

Debashis Raul, Payel Bhattacharya and Kamalika Ghosh, "Overview of Light Decay Due to Environmental Effects for Light Emitting Diode", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.04, Issue.06, pp.130-133, 2016.

In our day to day modern life, time is a very vital factor for us. In order to save time as much as possible, the concept of clap switch has been introduced in this work. For example, when a person walks from one room to another, it becomes very tiresome and time consuming to move on to the switch board and switch the lights on and off. Therefore an automated human clap controlled system has been implemented and the detailed development of the circuit has been documented in this paper. The method has been implemented by using a sound acquiring device and sound to electrical energy conversion method and the circuit switching connections in order to control the switching on and off of electrical loads.

Clap; Relay; Multivibrator; Capacitor

[1] D. Sur, P. G. Paul, A. Chowdhury, S. Bose, A. Pal, R. Kumar, Development of an Automatic Switch-off Household Loads by Visitor Counter, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET), Volume 4, Special Issue 3, Page no- 110-115, February 2015
[2] D. Sur, S. Roy, S. Choudhury, S. Sen, N. Ganguly, “Remote Controlled Automatic Power Saver”, International Journal of Computer Applications, IJCA Proceedings on International Conference on Microelectronics, Circuits and Systems MICRO(1):31-33, October 2014.
[3] A. Halmai and A.Lukácsc, "New Linear-Electromagnetic Actuator Used for Cellular Phones", Periodica Polytechnica Vol 51 No 1, Page No-19-22, 2007.
[4] C. Sujana, A. P. Ramesh, and P. G.Reddy, "Automatic detection of human and Energy saving based on Zigbee Communication", International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering (IJCSE), Volume-3, Issue-6, Page No. 2346-2353, June 2011.
[5] K. Santha Sheela, S. Padmadevi, “Survey on Street Lighting System Based On Vehicle Movements”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 2, February 2014.

Papendu Das, Abhijit Seth, Aparna Das, Pritha Majumder, Sayantan Mitra, Manish Guha, Dibyendu Sur , "Automatic Control of Electrical Loads Using Human Claps", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.04, Issue.06, pp.134-136, 2016.

Many algorithms have been developed to encrypt digital image. In this paper Fuzzy set theory in combination with genetic algorithm has been applied to encrypt the image. Genetic algorithm is used for key generation and fuzzy set theory has been used to diffuse original image .The encrypted image is obtained after logical operation between the key set and diffused image. A number of tests have been applied on encrypted image to check the security level of the proposed algorithm.

Fuzzy Logic, Genetic Algorithm, Selective Cross Over, Diffused Image, Compression Rule

[1] Nidhal K. El Abbadi, 2Adil Mohamad and 2Mohammed Abdul-Hameed, “Image Encryption Based on Singular Value Decomposition”, Journal of Computer Science, 10 (7),Page No(1222-1230) 2014.
[2] HaojiangGao ,Yisheng Zhang, Shuyun Liang, Dequn Li, “A new chaotic algorithm for image encryption” , Chaos,Solitons and Fractals ,ELSEVIER Page No.393-399,2006.
[3] RozaAfarin ,SaeedMozaffari, “Image Encryption Using Genetic Algorithm and Binary Pattern”.
[4] Jalesh Kumar and S Nirmala, “Encryption of Images Based on Genetic Algorithm-A New Approach”, Advances in Computer Science, Eng. & Appl., AISC 167.© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Page No 783–791 , 2012.
[5] Rasul Enayatifar , Abdul Hanan Abdullah, Ismail FauziIsnin, ” Chaos-based image encryption using a hybrid genetic algorithm and a DNA sequence”,Optics and Laser in Engineering 56 ELSEVIER, Page No-83-93,2014.
[6] Ravindu Madanayake, NikilaPeiris, GayanRanaweera and UthpalaJayathilake, “Advanced Encryption Algorithm Using Fuzzy Logic”, International Conference on Information and Computer Networks (ICICN 2012) IPCSIT vol. 27 (2012) ACSIT Press, Singapore,2012.
[7] KantaVekaria and Chris Clack, “Selective Crossover in Genetic Algorithms: An Empirical Study”.
[8] Cao Guanghui,Hu Kai, Zhang Yizhi, Zhou Jun, and Zhang Xing:Chaotic Image Encryption Based on Running-Key Related to Plaintext, Scientific World Journal Volume 2014, Article ID 490179, 9 pages.
[9] M. El-lskandarani, S. Darwish, and S. Abuguba :A robust and secure scheme for image transmission over wireless channels in Security Technology,2008.ICCST 2008.42nd Annual IEEE International Carnahan Conference on. IEEE, ,Page No 51–55, 2008.

Subhajit Das, SatyendraNath Mandal, Sunil Karforma, "Fuzzy-Ga Combined Approach in Image Encryption", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.04, Issue.06, pp.137-142, 2016.

The goal of e-commerce system is to provide secure connections between customers and the company with other parties acquiring personal information. But in the various stages of e-commerce an individual or company is a victim of unwanted attacks or threats. Here, the investigation is done on the security concerns among different e-commerce websites. Matters such as privacy, security and threats, impersonation, forged identity etc. is also looked upon. The different threats are brought forward with maximum efforts done onto how it can be reduced.

client threats,channel threats, server threats, SSL/TLS, SET, 3d Secure

[1] Niranjanamurthy M and Dharmendar chchar. “ The Study of e-commerce sewcurity Issues and Solutions “ International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and advanced engineering. Volume -2, Issue -7 . Pages (5-7), July 2013.
[2] L.Byron.”Study on Electronic Commerce and Security”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and advanced engineering. Volume -1, Issue -5 . Pages (5-7), July 2012.
[3] Dr.Nada.M.A.Al.Slamy.”E-Commerce Security”,International Journal of Computer Science and network Security”, Volume-8, No-5. May 2008.
[4] Website-www.academia.edu/9273437/A_Comparative_Study_of_Secure_Electronic_Transaction_Mechanisms_for_E-Commerce.
[5] Mark S Ackerman and Donald T Davis Jr. “ Privacy and Security Issues in E-Commerce “. Review Chapter of the new Economy Handbook, in press.
[6] Jarnail Singh.”Review of E-Commerce Security Challenges”,International Journal of Innovative Research in computer and Communication Engineering. Volume-2, Issue-2. February 2014.

Sumanta Chatterjee and Krishnayan Gupta, "A Comparative Study of Security in E-commerce: Review", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.04, Issue.06, pp.143-148, 2016.