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The fifth generation of mobile communication systems (5G) promises unprecedented levels of connectivity and quality of service (QoS) to satisfy the incessant growth in the number of mobile smart devices and the huge increase in data demand. One of the primary ways 5G network technology will be accomplished is through network densification, namely increasing the number of antennas per site and deploying smaller and smaller cells. Massive MIMO, where MIMO stands for multiple-input multiple-output, is widely expected to be a key enabler of 5G. This technology leverages an aggressive spatial multiplexing, from using a large number of transmitting/receiving antennas, to multiply the capacity of a wireless channel. Cell-free massive MIMO refers to a massive MIMO system where the BS antennas, herein referred to as access points (APs), are geographically spread out. The APs are connected, through a fronthaul network, to a central processing unit (CPU) which is responsible for coordinating the coherent joint transmission. Such a distributed architecture provides additional macro-diversity, and the co-processing at multiple APs entirely suppresses the inter-cell interference. In order to overcome the above effects, the work focuses on the QR-RLS based channel estimation method for cell free Massive MIMO systems.

Massive MIMO, Channel State Information, Square Root-Recursive Least Square (QR-RLS)

[1] Supraja Eduru and Nakkeeran Rangaswamy, “BER Analysis of Massive MIMO Systems under Correlated Rayleigh Fading Channel”, 9th ICCCNT IEEE 2018, IISC, Bengaluru, India.
[2] H. Q. Ngo A. Ashikhmin H. Yang E. G. Larsson T. L. Marzetta "Cell-free massive MIMO versus small cells" IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun. vol. 16 no. 3 pp. 1834-1850 Mar. 2017.
[3] Huang A. Burr "Compute-and-forward in cell-free massive MIMO: Great performance with low backhaul load" Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC) pp. 601-606 May 2017.
[4] H. Al-Hraishawi, G. Amarasuriya, and R. F. Schaefer, “Secure communication in underlay cognitive massive MIMO systems with pilot contamination,” in In Proc. IEEE Global Commun. Conf. (Globecom), pp. 1–7, Dec. 2017.
[5] V. D. Nguyen et al., “Enhancing PHY security of cooperative cognitive radio multicast communications,” IEEE Trans. Cognitive Communication And Networking, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 599–613, Dec. 2017.
[6] R. Zhao, Y. Yuan, L. Fan, and Y. C. He, “Secrecy performance analysis of cognitive decode-and-forward relay networks in Nakagami-m fading channels,” IEEE Trans. Communication, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 549–563, Feb. 2017.
[7] W. Zhu, J. and. Xu and N. Wang, “Secure massive MIMO systems with limited RF chains,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 5455–5460, Jun. 2017.
[8] R. Zhang, X. Cheng, and L. Yang, “Cooperation via spectrum sharing for physical layer security in device-to-device communications under laying cellular networks,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Communication, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 5651–5663, Aug. 2016.
[9] K. Tourki and M. O. Hasna, “A collaboration incentive exploiting the primary-secondary systems cross interference for PHY security enhancement,” IEEE J. Sel. Topics Signal Process., vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 1346–1358, Dec 2016.
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[14] K. Guo, Y. Guo, and G. Ascheid, “Security-constrained power allocation in MU-massive-MIMO with distributed antennas,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 8139–8153, Dec. 2016.
[15] Danda B. Rawat, “Evaluation Performance of Cognitive Radio Users in MIMO-OFDM based Wireless Networks”, IEEE Transaction of Wireless System, Vol. 32, Issue 07, IEEE 2016.
[16] H. Q. Ngo A. Ashikhmin H. Yang E. G. Larsson T. L. Marzetta "Cell-free massive MIMO: Uniformly great service for everyone" Proc. IEEE Int. Workshop Signal Process. Adv. Wireless Commun. (SPAWC) pp. 201-205 Jun. 2015
[17] E. Nayebi A. Ashikhmin T. L. Marzetta H. Yang "Cell-free massive MIMO systems" Proc. 49th Asilomar Conf. Signals Syst. Comput. pp. 695-699 Nov. 2015.
[18] Shan Jin and Xi Zhang, “Compressive Spectrum Sensing for MIMO-OFDM Based Cognitive Radio Networks”, 2015 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), Applications, and Business, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 567-572, 2015.
[19] H. Q. Ngo A. Ashikhmin H. Yang E. G. larsson T. L. Marzetta "Cell-Free Massive MIMO: Uniformly great service for everyone" Proc. 16th Int Workshop Signal Process. Ad If Wireless Commun. (SPAWC) pp. 201-205 Jun. 2015.

Tamanna Rajput, Munna Lal Jatav, "Spectrum Efficiency and BER Analysis of Massive MIMO Systems with QR-RLS Channel Estimation Technique," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.10, pp.64-68, 2019.

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is one of such popular method for achieving this high information rate. OFDM has several advantages, but one of the main drawbacks is its high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). However, the challenging part is that most of the PAPR reduction schemes come with high computational complexity. Recent PAPR reduction techniques such as partial transmit sequence (PTS) has been considered as most popular for PAPR reduction. This research work explores to find a solution for the PAPR reduction by using PTS technique, which has been implemented by using sub-blocks partitioning. In sub-block partition consists of OFDM data frame which is partitioned into several sub-blocks. An adjacent partitioning (AP) method can be perceived as the best of the existing partitioning method when the cost and PAPR reduction performance are considered together. In this paper a new partial transmit sequence (PTS) technique, based on PTS with discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) technique, for two antennas MIMO-OFDM system, is proposed which can achieve better PAPR performance at much less bit error rate (BER). Simulation results show that the proposed approach can reduce BER and achieve a better PAPR reduction compared to previous PTS technique.

PTS, DWT, DCT, MIMO-OFDM, PAPR, BER

[1] Tanairat Mata, Pisit Boonsrimuang and Pitchaya Boontra, “A PAPR Reduction Scheme based on Improved PTS with ABC Algorithm for OFDM Signal”, 2018 15th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology.
[2] Thana Udomsripaiboon, “Adjustable Dynamic Range for PAPR Clipping Technique in Large-Scale MIMO-OFDM Systems”, 15th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-NCON2018).
[3] Junhui Zhao, Shanjin Ni and Yi Gong, “Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction of FBMC/OQAM Signal Using a Joint Optimization Scheme”, Received March 24, 2017, accepted April 26, 2017, date of publication May 19, 2017, date of current version August 29, 2017.
[4] Ashna Kakkar,Sai Nitesh Garsha,Ojasvi Jain and Kritika, “Improvisation in BER and PAPR by using hybrid reduction techniques in MIMO-OFDM employing channel estimation techniques”, 2017 IEEE 7th International Advance Computing Conference.
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[10] Tao Jiang and Guangxi Zhu. Nonlinear companding transform for reducing peak-to average power ratio of OFDM signals. Broadcasting, IEEE Transactions on, 50(3):342 – 346, sept. 2004.
[11] S. B. Slimane. Reducing the peak-to-average poser ratio of OFDM signal through precoding. IEEE Trans Vehicular Technology, 56(2) 686–695, mar 2007.
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[14] L. Yang, K. K. Soo, S. li, and Y. M. SU, ``PAPR Reduction Using Low Complexity PTS to Construct of OFDM Signals Without Side Information``, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol. 57, No. 2, June 2011.
[15] D.W Lim, S.J.Heo and J.S.No, A new PTS OFDM scheme with low complexity for PAPR reduction [J]. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 2006, 52(1): 77-82.
[16] P. Mukunthan and, P Dananjayan," PAPR Reduction based on a Modified PTS with Interleaving and Pulse Shaping method for STBC MIMO-OFDM System", IEEE ICCCNT`12 , 26th _28th July 2012, Coimbatore, India.

Pooja Gautam, Munna Lal Jatav, "Performance Analysis of 5G MIMO-OFDM Systems in Wireless Communications using Modified PTS Scheme," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.10, pp.69-73, 2019.

In the microprocessor industry we see that energy efficiency is one-off the main issues that we are faced with.The motivation for our paper is the increased applications which use embedded systems for communication and multimedia. In our paper you will see the changes in techniques that have made a considerable amount of development to make sure that the efficiency of the microprocessor consumes will be less but also not compromise with the performance (clock speed) that it provides to the users. Internet connectivity has caused the devices to be in use all day long because of this the rate at which the microprocessor runs uses great amount of energy because of which energy efficiency has to be good. Ever since caches were introduced they present the most attractive ways for power reduction. To implement coherent caches using MESI protocol we use snoop filtering mechanism.

Energy, CMOS, Cache, Snoop Filtering

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doi: 10.1145/1393921.1393988
[4] Tiwari, R. Sam and S. Shaikh, "Analysis and prediction of churn customers for telecommunication industry," 2017 International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC), Palladam, 2017, pp. 218-222. doi: 10.1109/I-SMAC.2017.8058343
[5] S. Navadia, P. Yadav, J. Thomas and S. Shaikh, "Weather prediction: A novel approach for measuring and analyzing weather data," 2017 International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC), Palladam, 2017, pp. 414-417. doi: 10.1109/I-SMAC.2017.8058382
[6] S. Shaikh, S. Rathi and P. Janrao, "IRuSL: Image Recommendation Using Semantic Link," 2016 8th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN), Tehri, 2016, pp. 305-308. doi: 10.1109/CICN.2016.66
[7] S. Shaikh, S. Rathi and P. Janrao, "Recommendation System in E-Commerce Websites: A Graph Based Approached," 2017 IEEE 7th International Advance Computing Conference (IACC), Hyderabad, 2017, pp. 931-934. doi: 10.1109/IACC.2017.0189
[8] A. Fasiku, AyodejiIreti, B. Olawale, JimohBabatunde, C. AbiolaOluwatoyin B., "Comparison of Intel Single-Core and Intel Dual-Core Processor Performance", International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.1, Issue.1, pp.1-9, 2013
[9] M. Sora, J. Talukdhar, S. Majumder, P.H Talukdhar, U.Sharmah, "Word level detection of Galo and Adi language using acoustical cues", International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.1, Issue.1, pp.10-13, 2013
[10] Manish Mishra, Piyush Shukla, Rajeev Pandey, "Assessment on different tools used for Simulation of routing for Low power and lossy Networks(RPL)", International Journal of Scientific Research in Network Security and Communication, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp.26-32, 2019

Husain Unwala, Sairaj Shetye, Abhishek Yadav, Shakila Shaikh, Shiburaj Pappu, "Energy Efficiency of Microprocessor," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.10, pp.74-76, 2019.

In the recent era of technology, chatbots is the next big thing in the epoch of conversational services. It acts as the ultimate virtual assistant for completing various tasks ranging from answering queries, getting driving directions, turning up the thermostat in smart home, to playing one’s favorite tunes etc. Whenever faced with unchartered territories humans have a tendency to get anxious and it is but natural- and even more so in the case of students who are about to join a new course. They are always filled with endless queries and mostly all of them are similar across people. Rather than flooding a single person with all those and to answer them over and over again, it is apt to segregate usual common queries and their solutions at a single place which is easily accessible by all. In this paper an efficient Chabot is designed based on neural network, which provides an accurate answer for any query based on the dataset of FAQs. This Chabot can be used by Sree Chitra Thirunal College of Engineering to answer frequently asked questions to curious students in an interactive fashion. The accuracy of the bot was noted to be 0.78 with a loss of 2.06.

Artificial Intelligence, NLP, ML

[1] C.B.Lee, H. N, "Chatbots and Conversational Agents: A Bibliometric Analysis", IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 2017.
[2] Thomas N T Amrita, “ An E-business Chatbot using AIML and LSA”, Intl. Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics, 2016.
[3] A M Rahman, Abdullah Al Mamun, Alma Islam, "Programming challenges of Chatbot: Current and Future Prospective" ,IEEE International Islamic University Chittagong, 2016.
[4] BayuSetiaji, Ferry WahyuWibowo , "Chatbot Using A Knowledge in Database Human-to-Machine Conversation Modeling" International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulation, 2016.
[5] Bhavika R. RanoliyaNidhiRaghuwanshi, Sanjay Singh Department of Information and Communication Technology Manipal University, "Chatbot for University Related FAQs" , International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics, 2017.
[6] Eric Grigori, "Evaluation of Modern Tools for an OMSCS Advisor Chatbot" Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, 2017.
[7] Luis Fernando D’Haro and Rafael E. Banchs, "Learning to predict the adequacy of answers in chat oriented human agent dialogs" IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON), Malaysia, 2017.

Kavitha K V, Athira S Pillai, Disha Dinesh Majithia, "Virtual Assistance Using Chatbots," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.10, pp.77-80, 2019.

The article presents a new edge based technique for spatially varying defocus blur estimation with the use of a single image based on reblurred gradient magnitudes. Objects that do not lie at the focal length of a digital camera generate defocused regions in the captured image. Also inherent dynamic features of the nature gives rise to blur in captured image. Whenever there is relative motion between the image to be captured and the imaging system, the image captured at that movement is also suffered by blur. A locally adaptive scheme for obtaining the reblur scales, a connected edge filter for regularizing sparse map, and usingfast guided filter for blur map propagation is recommonded and simulated on Matlab. Results are compared and find to be performing better in comparison with the older adopted methods.

Edge based technique, Blur estimation, Image processing, Gradient magnitude

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Syed Faraz Ahmed Naqvi, Kamal Niwaria, Bharti Chourasia, "An Edge Based Technique for Spatially Varying Defocus Blur Estimation of Image using Gradient Magnitudes - Simulation & Result," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.10, pp.81-89, 2019.

The monitoring of different parts of the software stack is essential for ensuring acceptable performance and availability of large scale heterogeneous software systems. However, given that a large amount of data is generated by various parts of the software stack, identifying the minimum set of data elements for inclusion under the initial monitoring umbrella is challenging. Although the elements are similar across the majority of the projects, we have seen that teams often spend considerable effort and time in identifying them. In this paper, we present a layered monitoring reference model, with different layers targeting different parts of the software stack using appropriate data elements. The model provides guidance on the minimum set of data elements, drawing on learnings from more than 20 real-life projects. The model also explains the data elements and the motivation for including them in the model.

System monitoring, Production systems, Performance monitoring, Availability monitoring

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[4] H. Malik, H. Hemmati, A. E. Hassan, “Automatic detection of performance deviations in the load testing of Large Scale Systems”, In the Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering, USA, pp. 1012-1021, 2013
[5] M. Acharya, V. Kommineni, “Mining Health Models for Performance Monitoring of Services”, In the Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, New Zealand, pp. 409–420, 2009.
[6] S. Iwata, Kono, K, “Narrowing Down Possible Causes of Performance Anomaly in Web Applications”, In the Proceedings of Dependable Computing Conference, USA, pp. 185–190, 2010.
[7] I. Trubin, “Capturing workload pathology by statistical exception detection systems”, In the Proceedings of International Computer Measurement Group Conference, USA, 2005.
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[9] L. Cherkasova, K. Ozonat, N. Mi, J. Symons, E. Smirni, “Anomaly? application change? or workload change? towards automated detection of application performance anomaly and change”, In the Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks With FTCS and DCC, USA, pp. 452-461, 2008.
[10] N. Mi, L. Cherkasova, K. Ozonat, J. Symons, E. Smirni, “Analysis of application performance and its change via representative application signatures”, In the Proceedings of IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium, Brazil, pp. 216–223, 2008.
[11] Z.M. Jiang, A.E. Hassan, “A Survey on Load Testing of Large-Scale Software Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. Vol. 41, No. 11, pp. 1091–1118, 2015.
[12] F.M. Bereznay, “Did something change? using statistical techniques to interpret service and resource metrics”, In the Proceedings of the International Computer Measurement Group Conference, USA, 2006.
[13] Shen-Shyang Ho, “A martingale framework for concept change detection in time-varying data streams”, In the Proceedings of international conference on Machine learning, Germany, pp. 321-327, 2005.
[14] D. T. Shipmon, J. M. Gurevitch, P. M. Piselli, S. T. Edwards, “Time Series Anomaly Detection; “Detection of anomalous drops with limited features and sparse examples in noisy highly periodic data”, Vol. abs/1708.03665, CoRR, 2017.
[15] Dheeraj, K. Sharma, “Proposed 4S Quality Metrics and Automated Continuous Quality (ACQ) Metrics Dashboard to Quantify Software Product Quality”, International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 7, Issue. 1, pp.865-869, 2019.
[16] A. Agarwal, A. Dixit, “Progressive Web Applications: Architectural Structure and Service Worker Asset Caching”, International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 7, Issue. 9, pp. 127-139, 2019.

Raghu Ramakrishnan, Arvinder Kaur, "Reference Model for Effective Performance and Availability Monitoring in Large Scale Software Systems," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.10, pp.90-97, 2019.

A microcontroller can be considered a self -contained system with a processor ,memory and peripherals and can be used as an embedded system .The majority of microcontrollers in use today are embedded in other machinery, such as automobiles , telephones , appliances and peripherals for computer systems .Mixed signal microcontrollers are common integrating analog components needed to control non digital systems In the context in the internet of things, microcontrollers are economical and popular means of data collection, sensing and actuating the physical world as edge devices.

memory; microcontroller; architecture

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[12] S. Navadia, P. Yadav, J. Thomas and S. Shaikh, "Weather prediction: A novel approach for measuring and analyzing weather data," 2017 International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC), Palladam, 2017, pp. 414-417. doi: 10.1109/I-SMAC.2017.8058382
[13] S. Shaikh, S. Rathi and P. Janrao, "IRuSL: Image Recommendation Using Semantic Link," 2016 8th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN), Tehri, 2016, pp. 305-308. doi: 10.1109/CICN.2016.66
[14] S. Shaikh, S. Rathi and P. Janrao, "Recommendation System in E-Commerce Websites: A Graph Based Approached," 2017 IEEE 7th International Advance Computing Conference (IACC), Hyderabad, 2017, pp. 931-934. doi: 10.1109/IACC.2017.0189
[15] A. Fasiku, Ayodeji Ireti, B. Olawale, Jimoh Babatunde, C. Abiola Oluwatoyin B., "Comparison of Intel Single-Core and Intel Dual-Core Processor Performance", International
Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.1, Issue.1, pp.1-9, 2013
[16] M. Sora, J. Talukdhar, S. Majumder, P.H Talukdhar, U. Sharmah, "Word level detection of Galo and Adi language using acoustical cues", International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.1, Issue.1, pp.10-13, 2013
[17] Manish Mishra, Piyush Shukla, Rajeev Pandey, "Assessment on different tools used for Simulation of routing for Low power and lossy Networks (RPL)", International Journal of Scientific Research in Network Security and Communication, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp.26-32, 2019

Prachi Dukale, Sanjana Lad, Taskeen Merchant, Gaurav Rane, Aman Qureshi, Abdul Ahad Khan, Shakila Shaikh, Shiburaj Pappu, "Review on 40 Pins Microcontroller 8051," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.10, pp.98-101, 2019.

Now a day’s electricity is most needed facility for the human being. All the conventional energy resources are depleting day by day. So we have to shift from conventional to non-conventional energy resources. In this the combination of two energy assets is happens i.e. wind and sunlight based energy. This procedure castigates the reasonable energy assets without harming the nature. We can give continuous power by utilizing half and half energy framework. Basically this system involves the integration of two energy system that will give continuous power. Sun based boards are utilized for changing over sunlight based energy and wind turbines are utilized for changing over breeze energy into power. This electrical power can use for different reason. Age of power will be happens at moderate cost. This paper manages the age of power by utilizing two sources consolidate which prompts produce power with moderate cost without harming the nature adjust.

Fuel cell, Photovoltaic, Wind energy conversion, Wind Turbines

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Pankaj Kumar Mahto, Manish Kethoriya, "Review Paper on Hybrid Wind-Solar Energy System Renewable Energy Sources System," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.10, pp.102-106, 2019.

Biometric Templates are majorly used as an authentication and identification metric of a person in different industries. The Biometric templates are generated through various mechanisms like key, index and transformation based. This paper focuses on a study of fingerprint Biometric and various existing pattern transformation approaches based on fingerprint.

Biometrics, Cancellable Templates, Fingerprint

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[14] Sheng Li, Student Member, IEEE, and Alex C. Kot, Fellow, Fingerprint Combination for Privacy Protection IEEE Transactions on information forensics and security, Vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 350-360, February 2013.
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[18] X. Dong, Z. Jin and K. Wong, "A Generalized Approach for Cancellable Template and Its Realization for Minutia Cylinder-Code," 2018 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA ASC), Honolulu, HI, USA, 2018, pp. 908-915.
[19] B. Yan and L. You, "A novel public key encryption model based on transformed biometrics," 2017 IEEE Conference on Dependable and Secure Computing, Taipei, 2017, pp. 424-428.
[20] B. O. Mohammed and S. M. Shamsuddin, "Feature level Fusion for Multi-biometric with identical twins," 2018 International Conference on Smart Computing and Electronic Enterprise (ICSCEE), Shah Alam, 2018, pp. 1-6.
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K.Kanagalakshmi, Joycy K.Antony, "Fingerprint Template Protectionsthrough Various Pattern Transformation Approaches: A Review," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.10, pp.107-110, 2019.

This paper presents a single-stage circuit topology consisting of the association of a full-bridge isolated dc–dc converter and two input inductors and two input diodes connected to the mains network, in order to obtain an isolated ac/dc switch mode power supply, with sinusoidal input current. The proposed topology does not use an input bridge rectifier, common in similar applications. The current in the two input inductors can therefore, flow in both directions. Consequently, the proposed topology equally distributes the current by the four-bridge transistors that provide four input parallel boost power factor correctors (PFCs). The use of the four bridges permitting the accurate simultaneous regulation of output voltage and input current is hereby described.

Full-bridge converters, Input current shaping, low-distortion input current, single-stage power factor correctors (PFCs)

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Rahul Dev Raman, Lokesh Shukla, "Review Paper on Minimum DC Bus Voltage for AC-DC Single Stage Full Bridge Converter," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.10, pp.111-115, 2019.