Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field mainly involving molecular biology and genetics, computer science, mathematics, and statistics. Data intensive, large-scale biological problems are addressed from a computational point of view. The most common problems are modelling biological processes at the molecular level and making inferences from collected data. As an emerging discipline, it covers a lot of topics from the storage of DNA data and the mathematical modelling of biological sequences, to the analysis of possible mechanisms behind complex human diseases, to the understanding modelling of the evolutionary history of life, etc. It studies the DNA and genetic information.

Bio-informatics, Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, Peptides, genomics, pretomics, HGP

[1] Y. Lin () Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China e-mail: ylin@math.tsinghua.edu.cn R. Jiang MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, TNLIST/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084,
[2] M.Q. Zhang () Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd, RL11, Richardson, TX, USA 75080 Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China e-mail: mzhang@cshl.edu A.D. Smith Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
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[11] Kumar A* and Chordia N, School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Rd, Indore, Indore 452001,India,
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