The wireless sensor network is the type of network, which is used to sense the environmental conditions like temperature, pressure etc. This type of network is generally deployed on the far places like oceans, forests and deserts, in such places, it is very difficult to recharge or replace battery of these sensor nodes. To reduce energy consumption of sensor nodes various techniques has been applied so far. Among these, one is by using LEACH protocol used for clustering in which cluster heads are selected on the basis of distance and energy. Then various modes are applied on this protocol such as active, sleep and ready mode. Nodes will go into the sleep, active and ready based on the priority of request for the channel access. The main problem exists in this is of clock synchronization due to which packet loss happened in the network which reduce network performance. In this paper, further enhancement will be proposed in the existing protocol by synchronizing the clocks of sensor nodes based on time lay technique. Then the proposed technique will be implemented in simulated in NS2. The graphical result will show that proposed technique performs better than existing protocol in terms of throughput, packet loss, energy, overhead, delay.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), Clock synchronization , energy consumption

[1] Bharathidasan, A., & Ponduru, V. A. S. “ Sensor networks: An overview.”, Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, 2002
[2] Somani, A. K., Kher, S., Speck, P., & Chen, J. “Distributed dynamic clustering algorithm in uneven distributed wireless sensor network.”, Technical Reports [DCNL-ON-2006-005], Iowa State University, 2006
[3] Mamalis, B., Gavalas, D., Konstantopoulos, C., & Pantziou, G, “ Clustering in wireless sensor networks. RFID and Sensor Networks: Architectures, Protocols, Security and Integrations”, Y. Zhang, LT Yang, J. Chen, eds, 324-353, 2009
[4] Dahnil, D. P., Singh, Y. P., & Ho, C. K., “ Energy-efficient cluster formation in heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks: A comparative study.”, In Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), 2011 13th International Conference on (pp. 746-751). IEEE., Feb (2011)
[5] Akyildiz, I. F., Su, W., Sankarasubramaniam, Y., & Cayirci, E. ,” Wireless sensor networks: a survey”, Computer networks, 38(4), 393-422, 2002
[6] Bin-fang Cao, Jian-qi Li, Li Wang and Wen-Hu Wang”Energy optimized approach based on clustering routing protocols for wireless sensor networks”,IEEE,pp. 3710-3715,2013
[7] Wang, Y., & Guo, S. “Optimized energy-latency cooperative transmission in duty-cycled wireless sensor networks”, In Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA), 2013 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 185-190). IEEE., 2013
[8] Neamatollahi, P., Taheri, H., Naghibzadeh, M., & Yaghmaee, M. ,”A hybrid clustering approach for prolonging lifetime in wireless sensor networks”, In Computer Networks and Distributed Systems (CNDS), 2011 International Symposium on (pp. 170-174). IEEE, Feb 2011
[9] Nikodem, M., & Wojciechowski, B.,”Upper Bounds on Network Lifetime for Clustered Wireless Sensor Networks” In New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS), 2011 4th IFIP International Conference on (pp. 1-6). IEEE, Feb 2011.
[10] Sultan, M., and Hwang, I., “Modulation-Aware Energy Balancing in Hierarchical Wireless Sensor Networks”, EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, pp. 355-359, 2007
[11] Anand, D., G., Chandrakanth, H., G., and Giriprasad, M., N., D., “An Energy Efficient Distributed Protocol For Ensuring Coverage And Connectivity (E3c2) Of Wireless Sensor Networks”, International Journal of Ad hoc, Sensor & Ubiquitous Computing (IJASUC) Vol. 3, No.1., 2012
[12] Sheikh Tahir Bakhsh, Rayed AlGhamdi, Abdulrahman H. Altalhi, Sabeen Tahir and Muhammad Aman Sheikh, “Adaptive Sleep Efficient Hybrid Medium Access Control algorithm for next generation wireless sensor networks” , EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol.84, pp.1-15, 2017.