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This study intends to develop a scale to determine the facebook addiction levels of adolescents. A data set obtained from 364 high school students was used in order to study the factor construct of the scale through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and it was observed with the analysis that 9 items were removed from the scale and the remaining 25 items were collected under 3 factors. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was applied to the data set obtained from 536 students from a similar high school group in order to confirm the construct that was determined by the exploratory factor analysis and it was found that the construct revealed by EFA and thus created dimensions were statistically confirmed and that the convergence validity criteria including values like composite reliability and average variance extracted were statistically satisfactory. It was observed that the coefficients on the whole of the scale and on each factor were satisfactory. In conclusion, Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficients and values obtained as a result of EFA and CFA demonstrated that the scale had a reliable and valid measurement results to define the facebook addiction level.

Facebook Addiction, Scale Development, Factor Analysis, Convergence Validity

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CemOktayGüzeller, Ph.D., GökhanAksu, M.S. and Mehmet Taha Eser, M.S., "Developing of Facebook AddictionScaleforTurkishAdolescents," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.3, Issue.12, pp.1-9, 2015.

To establish a secure communication over unreliable networks, Password-Authenticated Encrypted Key Exchange (PA-EKE) protocols plays a pivotal role. Diffie & Hellman (D-H) (1976) proposed a first key agreement protocol, which is suffered from man-in-the-middle attack. To overcome a flaw, many authors proposed password-authenticated key agreement protocols. Chang & Chang (2004) proposed a novel password-authenticated 3P-EKE protocol with round efficiency. In contrast, Yoon & Yoo (2008) notified an undetectable online dictionary attack on this protocol and proposed an improvement over it. Later, Padmavathy et al. cryptanalyzed the Yoon-Yoo’s protocol and proposed PSRJ Protocol. Subsequently, Archana et al. (2012) notified a detectable online dictionary attack on PSRJ Protocol. Afterward, an improvement over the Yoon-Yoo’s protocol is proposed by Raj et al. (2013), which is cryptanalyzed by Archana et al. (2013). In this paper we have analyzed all the above protocols at their performance level.

Password authentication, Encrypted Key Exchange (EKE), Three Party-EKE Protocols, , Detectable On-line Dictionary Attacks, Undetectable On-line Dictionary Attacks.

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Archana Raghuvamshi, Premch and Parvataneni, "Probe of Password Authenticated 3P-EKE Protocols," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.3, Issue.12, pp.10-22, 2015.

This paper deals with the modeling of six phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) which has been done with the aid of Matlab and then the complete drive system is designed which consists primarily of two inverter and a Proportional integral controller. Proportional-Integral controller is most commonly used in drives system. The combination of proportional and integral is important to increase the speed of response and also to eliminate the steady state error.It also gives the reason of choosing six phase over three phase and superiority of PMSM with other motors like DC motors and Induction motor.Performance analysis with Manual tunning of proportional (Kp) and integral (Ki) constant is studied which shows the best suited value of Kp and Ki in the drive system by of these values.

Multiphase, Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), PI controller, Proportional constant (Kp) and Integral constant (Ki)

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Anurag Singh Tomer and S.P.Dubey , "Response Based Tunning of Proportional and Integral Constants in PI Controlled Six Phase PMSM Drive," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.3, Issue.12, pp.23-28, 2015.

This paper examines the effectiveness of symlets in de- noising fingerprint images. The 'fingerprint' test image is corrupted with Additive White Gaussian Noise and the noisy image is de-noised using Discrete Wavelet Transform employing symlet wavelets of different orders. The effectiveness of de-noising with each member of the selected set of members of the symlet wavelet family is examined with the standard performance measures namely the MSE and PSNR, along with the apparent visual quality of the de-noised images. The study is repeated with a set of random values for the noise variance.

Symlets; Vanishing moments; Orthhogonal wavelets;Discrete wavelet transform; AWGN, Thresholding

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T.N. Tilak and S. Krishnakumar , "Effectiveness of Symlets in De-noising Fingerprint Images," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.3, Issue.12, pp.29-34, 2015.

Now a days, it is essential to give a high-level security to protect highly sensitive and private information. Network Technology and Internet Application sector plays a vital role in today’s trend. Over a few years, we are able to see a tremendous growth towards the network technology. With the help of internet facility, we are able to carry out different tasks such as internet banking, online education, social networking and so on, which make our life more comfortable. Numbers of clients are being connected with the technology day by day. Despite being hacked by unwanted intruder or malicious. This cause a great damage to the documents, software and the confidential data’s. Terms such as worms, viruses and Trojans create fear in the internet clients. Because of security and safety against these acts, it can be done only with our system, which will be able to sense and reply these attack or penetration. A very helpful tool in this is Intrusion Detection System (IDS), which detects the attacks and analysis it to take appropriate decision against it. Intrusion Detection System has a great impact on cyber security and network vulnerability. Once the detection is marked, the corresponding action could be taken by IDS. Intrusion detection system is a software and hardware device. This paper will illustrate us an overview of IDS and to create a secure zone in the sector of networking. Furthermore, appropriate problems and challenges in this field are consequently illustrated and discussed.

Security Signature, Intrusion detection, Network Attacks, Prevention System, Analyzer, DOS, Misuse detection, Anomaly detection

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R. Karthik and B.L. Shivakumar, "A Taxonomy of Network Intrusion Detection System for Wireless Communication," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.3, Issue.12, pp.35-42, 2015.

Short message service (S.M.S) security is a very important issue in today’s time. In spite of the fact that instant messengers have become very popular, S.M.S is still used. S.M.S is prone to several attacks and is not yet marked as a safe means for communication. Security in S.M.S includes message authentication, user authentication, encryption and decryption of the message and Spam .This paper deals with the survey of all these aspects of security in order find the best options available for each of them today .It is found that the most widespread functions are SHA-1(Secure Hash Algorithm- 1) and MD5(Message Digest) , MD5 hash algorithm when used with RSA provides a very strong means for authentication of the user , ElGamal algorithm is the most effective for encryption/decryption of SMS and SVM(Support Vector Machine) is the best machine learning technique for SPAM detection.

Elgamal , MD5, HMAC, Message digest, non spam , SMS, spam, support vector machines (SVM)

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Nikhila Zalpuri and Meena Arora, "An Efficient Model for S.M.S Security and SPAM Detection: A Review," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.3, Issue.12, pp.43-49, 2015.

Image segmentation is the first step from image processing to image analysis. Image segmentation is the partition of image into multiple segments to have clear distinction between object and background of image. In existing method, in order to obtain threshold accurately, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) method is used which decompose the image into four sub-bands via high and low pass filters. To determine threshold value, Otsu’s method is applied on low pass filter and on high pass filter edge enhancement is implemented. The overall objective of this paper is to review the image segmentation techniques and find their limitations.

Image Segmentation, gray stretch, fuzzy c- means

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[15] Z. Ding , S. Qian, Y. Li, and Z. Li, “An Image Matching Method Based on the Analysis of Grey Correlation Degree and Feature Points”, Aerospace and Electronics Conference, NAECON- IEEE National , Vol.24, Issue-27, 2014, pp.157-162.
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Balpreet Kaur and Prabhpreet Kaur, "A Comparative Study on Image Segmentation Techniques," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.3, Issue.12, pp.50-56, 2015.

The importance of using neural networks for image registration has increased since the enhancement in technology responsible for capturing images. Traditional methods rely on manual selection of control points and/or finding a suitable geometric transformation that maps two images. This approach is especially tedious and time consuming for registering multiple images. Further, traditional methods are not able to register images effectively if non-linear transformations are used to convert one image into another. To provide a robust and efficient way of registering images, neural networks provide a powerful alternative. They have proved to be highly reliable especially with medical and satellite imaging; making room for uncertainty and imprecision. This paper highlights the important image registration approaches that make use of neural networks and performs a comparative analysis of these approaches. It also suggests suitable areas in which research can be carried out to improve the efficacy and scalability of the techniques.

Image registration; neural networks; non-linear transformations

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Takshak Desai, Udit Deshmukh and Prof. Ruhina Karani, "A Survey of Image Registration Techniques Using Neural Networks," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.3, Issue.12, pp.57-60, 2015.

Dynamic clustering in wireless sensor networks causes asymmetric division of cluster heads and extremely variable number of nodes in the clusters. Also, some of the clusters are spread over large areas in the network, causing limited spatial correlation between sensor nodes. These irregularities in cluster position have negative impact on the efficiency of a wireless sensor network. One critical issue in wireless sensor networks is how to collect sensed data in an energy-efficient way as the energy is a rare resource in a sensor node. Grid-Cluster-based aggregation is an effective architecture for data-gathering in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we have developed a Distributed Clustering Based Data Aggregation (DCDA) algorithm for grid based WSN. In DCDA, cluster formation mechanism is based on a virtual-grid system. Simulation results show that DCDA improves the distribution of cluster heads and reduces the energy consumption within a range of 15%to 30% as compared to the existing protocols.

Aggregation,Clustering,DCDA,Sleep/awake

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[6]. Yu, L., Wang, N., Zhang, W. and Zheng,”GROUP: A grid-clustering routing protocol for wireless sensor networks””, in proceedings of the International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing; pp. 1-5,2006.
[7]. Rabia Noor Enam, Rehan Qureshi, and Syed Misbahuddin”A uniform clustering mechanism for wireless sensor networks”, International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks,2014.
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[18]. Aman Singhal and KK Shukla” A New Energy Efficient Clustering based Communication Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks”,Proc. of Int. Conf. on Recent Trends in Information, Telecommunication and Computing, ITC, pp.122-128,2014.
[19]. Amandeep Kaur and Rajneesh Kumar Gujral” E2ACM: Energy Efficient Adaptive Cluster based Multilevel Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks”in International Journal of Computer Applications ,Volume -90, No 12, pp. 0975 – 8887,2014.

Amandeep Kaur and Rajneesh Kumar Gujral, "Distributed Clustering Based Data Aggregation Algorithm for Grid Based WSN," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.3, Issue.12, pp.61-66, 2015.

In the current scenario various network simulators are available like OPNET, QualNet etc but all these software are commercial that means for using mentioned software, first one has to get licence. Therefore we focus on open source simulator (NS2 and NS3) that is open for everyone. This paper presents guideline for understanding the NS3 (Network Simulation Tool). NS3 focuses on improvement of software integrations, core architecture, models and educational components of NS2. This paper deals with basic idea about the simulator tool, installation procedure and how to design a network using it. In this paper Solution for common error occurred during installation of simulator and running a network is also provided. The purpose of this paper is to make network’s user familiar with the NS3 and its GUI (NetAnim).

NS3, NS2, NetAnim, wired, wireless

[1] (2011-2012) ns-3. [Online]. Available: https://www.nsnam.org/
[2] NetAnim. [Online]. Available: http://www.nsnam.org/wiki/NetAnim_1.0
[3] ns simulator. [Online]. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ns_(simulator)
[4] ns-3 tutorial. [Online]. Available: http://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.14/tutorial/singlehtml/index.html
[5] Rakesh Kumar Jha, Pooja Kharga,"A Comparative Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols in MANET using NS3 Simulator", IJCNIS, vol.7, no.4, pp. 62-68, 2015.DOI: 10.5815/ijcnis.2015.04.08
[6] Rachna Choudhary, Shweta Sethi, Rita Keshari, Sakshi Goel, “A study of comparison of Network Simulator -3 and Network Simulator -2”, (IJCSIT) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 3 (1) , 2012.
[7] Atta ur Rehman Khan • Sardar M. Bilal • Mazliza Othman, “ A Performance Comparison of Open Source Network Simulators for Wireless Networks”, IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering; 11/2012
[8] Rakesh Kumar Jha, Pooja Kharga, “ A Journey Starts from Basic Understanding of NS2 to NS3”, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing,, ISBN-13: 9783659637582
[9] Rakesh k. Jha, Pooja Kharga, Idris Z. Bholebawa, Sangeet Satyarthi , Anuradha, Shashi Kumari,"OpenFlow Technology: A Journey of Simulation Tools", IJCNIS, vol.6, no.11, pp.49-55, 2014. DOI: 10.5815/ijcnis.2014.11.07

Rakesh Kumar Jha and Pooja Kharga , "Advanced Open Source Simulator: NS-3," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.3, Issue.12, pp.67-74, 2015.