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Network communication has been experiencing major changes over the last few decades as the number of Internet applications is increasing at an exponential rate. The devices that are used to access the internet, the applications that are accessed over the internet and the types of networks are changing continuously. Although layering is based on sound engineering principles and was a huge success in wired networks, the layered stack of protocols is not tuned to handle multimedia applications in interactive environment and to address this cross-layer conception is envisioned. Cross-layer collaborations can work between an existing stack of protocols and are a promising solution. To exploit adaptability cross-layering allows sharing across protocols and layers and allows information exchange. In this paper, we proposed a working technique called Cross-Layer Approach-based Software Defined Networking (CLASDN) technique that makes the multimedia delivery effectually in networks.

Networking, Software Defined Network, Multimedia, Transmission Cross-layer

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[21] Venkatraman, G. I. K, and G. Ilakkia, "Wireless network managed through sdn," International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol. 2, No. 11, pp.155-160, 2013.
[22] N. Nikalje, and S.R. Devane, “Improvement in Gain and Bandwidth using Current Mode Technique,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Network Security and Communication, Vol.5 , No.1 , pp.1-5, Apr-2017.
[23] J. Srilakshmi, S.S.S.N. Usha Devi N., Secure and Efficient Multipath Routing Using Overlay Nodes, International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, No..5, pp.16-19, Oct-2018

S. Vasundra, D. Venkatesh, "CLASDN- An Extension in Networking for Efficient Multimedia Data Transmission," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.83-88, 2018.

Efficient management of congestion problem in High speed wired networks is a challenging issue due to higher bandwidth, large queuing delay, high burstiness and heterogeneous traffic flows. In this paper a hybrid router based mechanism New-Fair-Queuing-CoDel (nfqCoDel) has been proposed by incorporating the functionality of both, a packet scheduler and active queue manager in a single module called ‘Fair Active Queue Manager (FAQM)’. nfqCoDel actively manage the router queue length with an objective to control the excessive delay experienced by source host and maintain the weighted fairness among different hosts. Thus nfqCoDel is able to solve the buffer-bloat issue while providing weighted fairness among different sources. Simulation results, implemented in NS-2, prove that ‘nfqCoDel’ performs better than other AQMs by providing maximum and stable throughput, stable average queue length, controlled delay at router buffer and weighted fairness among competing traffic sources.

High Speed Networks, Congestion Control, Fair Queuing Approach, Active Queue Management, Buffer-Bloat

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V. Kushwaha, R. Gupta, "A Router based Hybrid Approach for Congestion Control in High speed Wired Networks," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.89-100, 2018.

This research paper proposes a novel algorithm meant for image indexing and retrieval, by integrating color and texture features. First, the RGB image is converted to HSV space, then these space features are collected by constructing H & S space histograms and texture features, which are collected from V space of an image by Directional Binary Code (DBC). In the proposed algorithm both, color histograms and texture feature, are then concatenated to generate the feature vector. Using feature vector of query image, similar images are then extracted using different distance measures. The retrieval results for this proposed algorithm is tested over Corel 1000 image database. After investigation, results demonstrate the substantial improvement in terms of retrieval precision and recall as equated to LBP, DBC feature algorithms.

Feature Extraction, Local Binary Patterns, Directional Binary Code, Texture, Pattern Recognition, Image Retrieval.

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M. V. Bonde, D. D. Doye, "Color Directional Binary Code for Image Indexing and Retrieval," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.101-106, 2018.

Network operators run various applications on the control platform to perform different management tasks, like routing, monitoring, load balancing and firewall. These applications have complex interactions with each other, making it difficult to deploy and reason about their behaviours. To solve these kinds of problem, this paper presents a Distributed efficient joint resource allocation using conjugate gradient method (DEJRA-CG) is to accurately calculate the average energy consumption for all case in the dynamic network. The proposed method follows a SDN model for finding the Shortest Distances in gradient search estimation was formulated using three algorithms, namely Resource Allocation, Searching algorithm and Distributed Power Efficient Scheduling algorithm based on the identified network path in SDN. According to the experimental results the proposed algorithm mainly focused on SDN based caching and computing time using MATLAB R2013a platform. The achieved DEJRA-CG has less distance variation with less computation time when comparing to Building the Dependency Graph and software-defined networking, caching, and computing (SD-NCC) algorithms.

Networking, caching, computing, resource allocation, energy efficient

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Roshna. K, B. Rosiline Jeetha, "Distributed Efficient Joint Resource Allocation using Conjugate Gradient Method for Software-Defined Networking," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.107-112, 2018.

A wireless sensor network includes incalculable number of nodes spread over a specific region, where we have to deal with the movements proceeding there. A sensor center, generally, contains sensors, actuators, memory, a processor and they do have correspondence limit. These sorts of networks are much feeble against security attacks. Numerous sorts of dynamic and detached attacks are possible in the sensor network. Among all the possible dynamic attacks, selective forwarding attack is the most generally perceived and ruinous attack. This attack degrades network execution and prompts denial of service attack. The malicious hub activates the attack, which is accessible in the network. In this work, a novel technique has been proposed to perceive and withdraw malicious nodes from the network, which is responsible for triggering the attack. The proposed technique depends on the threshold technique for recognition of malicious nodes. The exploratory outcomes will exhibit that proposed methodology distinguishes and separate the malicious nodes from the network capably. It will upgrade network adequacy to the extent package adversity, concede and grow throughput of the network. NS2 simulator instrument will be used as a piece of it.

Wireless, Sensor Network, Sink Node, Sensor Node, Blackhole Attack, Denial of Service Attack, Selective Forwarding Attack, Collision Attack, Man-In-The-Middle Attack, Misdirection Attack, Node Replication Attack, Wormhole Attack

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[26] Baviskar, B. R., & Patil, V. N. (2014). Black hole Attacks mitigation and prevention in wireless sensor network. International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE), 1(4), 167-169.
[27] Wang, C. H., & Li, Y. T. (2013, July). Active black holes detection in ad-hoc wireless networks. In Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN), 2013 Fifth International Conference on (pp. 94-99). IEEE.
[28] Mishra, A., Nadkarni, K., & Patcha, A. (2004). Intrusion detection in wireless ad hoc networks. IEEE wireless communications, 11(1), 48-60.
[29] young Kim, J., Caytiles, R. D., & Kim, K. J. (2012). A review of the vulnerabilities and attacks for wireless sensor networks. 9(3), 241-250.
[30] Sharma, K., & Ghose, M. K. (2010). Wireless sensor networks: An overview on its security threats. IJCA, Special Issue on “Mobile Ad-hoc Networks” MANETs, 42-45.
[31] Collins, M., Dobson, S., & Nixon, P. Securing Wireless Sensor Networks: Introducing ASLAN-A Secure Lightweight Architecture for WSNs.
[32] Mohammadi, S., & Jadidoleslamy, H. (2011). A comparison of link layer attacks on wireless sensor networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1103.5589.
[33] Anand, C., & Gnanamurthy, R. K. (2016). Localized DoS Attack Detection Architecture for Reliable Data Transmission Over Wireless Sensor Network. Wireless Personal Communications, 90(2), 847-859.
[34] Said, O., & Elnashar, A. (2015). Scaling of wireless sensor network intrusion detection probability: 3D sensors, 3D intruders, and 3D environments. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2015(1), 46.
[35] Biswas, S., & Adhikari, S. (2015). A survey of security attacks, defenses and security mechanisms in wireless sensor network. International Journal of Computer Applications, 131(17), 28-35.

Reenu, Amarvir Singh, "Detection and Isolation of Malicious Nodes for Selective Forwarding Attack in Wireless Sensor Network," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.113-119, 2018.

A Multiplier is one of the essential components in the embedded system and digital signal processing (DSP) applications like digital filtering, digital communications, digital image processing, and spectral analysis etc. Parallel multiplication concept was implemented earlier to achieve higher speed. But in order to design an effective multiplier, speed is not the only consideration, area and power also must be taken into account while designing a circuit. To achieve this, a new technique has been introduced here for fast multiplication of two numbers. Inputs are separated into partitions where one number is again separated by two and zeros are interlaced in each alternate partition. Then it is followed by component multipliers and adders to get the final product. Based on the application requirement, the component adders and component multipliers can be selected in order to balance area and speed. The proposed system is synthesized using Xilinx tool. Experimental results show that the proposed interlaced separation Vedic multiplier is faster and has greater power efficiency in Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation.

Vedic Multiplier, Ripple Carry Adder, FPGA, VLSI

[1] Christopher Fritz, and Adly T. Fam, “Interlaced Partition Multiplier”, IEEE Transactions on Computers, Vol. 65, No. 8, pp. 2652-2658, 2016.
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[11] D. Naresh, Giri Babu Kande, “High Speed Signed multiplier for Digital Signal Processing Applications”, IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) ,Vol 8, Issue 2 , pp 57-61,2009.
[12] Mohammed Hasmat Ali, Anil Kumar Sahani, “Study, Implementation and Comparison of Different Multipliers based on Array, KCM and Vedic Mathematics Using EDA Tools”, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Vol. 3, Issue 6, 2013.
[13] S.K.Panda, R.Das, S.K.Saifur Raheman, Tapasa Ranjan Sahoo, “VLSI Implementation of Vedic Multiplier Using Urdhva– Tiryakbhyam Sutra in VHDL Environment: A Novelty”, Vol. 5, No 1, pp.17-24, 2015.
[14] A Debasish Subudhi, Kanhu Charan Gauda, Abinash Kumar Pala, Jagamohan Das,” Design and Implementation of High Speed 4x4 Vedic Multiplier”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 11, pp.362-366, 2014.
[15] W. J. Townsend, E. E. Swartzlander Jr., and J. A. Abraham “A comparison of Dadda and Wallace multiplier delays,” in the 2003 proceedings of SPIE. on Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms, Vol. 5205, pp. 552–560.
[16] T. K. Callaway and Jr. E. E. Swartzlander, "Optimizing Multipliers for WSI," in the 1993Proceedings of the Fifth Annual IEEE International Conference on Wafer Scale Integration, USA, pp. 85-94.
[17] Chandan Singh, “Realization of FIR Filter using Distributed Arithmetic Architecture”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering Vol. 3, Issue-4, pp. 7-12, 2015.
[18] Anil Pratap, “Analysis of Full and Half Adder Using Different Logic Style”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue.1, pp. 6-9, 2016.

M. Isaivani, V. Malathi, E. Sakthivel, "An Effective Interlaced Separation Vedic Multiplier in FPGA Platform," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.120-130, 2018.

Privacy preservation in big data is a need of the time because of the specialties of the data. Many researches have been made to tackle the issues of privacy in big data still some conflicts arises. Hence, an efficient method for the privacy preservation of data should be introduced. In this proposed work, a novel framework is designed for conserving the data in a secure manner. The personal and medical datasets are taken and are being merged which is under the control of hospital admin. This dataset is preprocessed to remove the noise following the normalization technique in order to convert the string into integers. Then, the efficient partial least square regression model is applied for the extraction of features such as sensitive and non-sensitive attributes. After the identification of this sensitive and non-sensitive attributes, ε-differential privacy preservation algorithm, the sensitive data are encrypted with the use of novel identity based encryption technique by generating the key. By the use of this code the user can decrypt the data which is anonymous format. The performance analysis is made on comparing the existing techniques which shows that the proposed methodology provides a better efficiency in terms of encryption cost, key generation cost, overall execution cost, security scheme, and computation complexity.

Privacy preservation, Sensitive attributes, Non-sensitive attributes, ε-differential privacy preservation, encryption, Identity based encryption

[1] S. Ananthi and A. Periwal, "Data Security Based On Big Data Storage," Global Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 12, pp. 1491-1500, 2016.
[2] K. He, et al., "On the security of two identity-based conditional proxy re-encryption schemes," Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 652, pp. 18-27, 2016.
[3] S. Wang, et al., "Attribute-based data sharing scheme revisited in cloud computing," IEEE transactions on information forensics and security, vol. 11, pp. 1661-1673, 2016.
[4] A. Azaria, et al., "Medrec: Using blockchain for medical data access and permission management," in Open and Big Data (OBD), International Conference on, 2016, pp. 25-30.
[5] J. Luo, et al., "Big data application in biomedical research and health care: a literature review," Biomedical informatics insights, vol. 8, p. BII. S31559, 2016.
[6] I. A. T. Hashem, et al., "The rise of “big data” on cloud computing: Review and open research issues," Information Systems, vol. 47, pp. 98-115, 2015.
[7] R. Kune, et al., "The anatomy of big data computing," Software: Practice and Experience, vol. 46, pp. 79-105, 2016.
[8] X. Wu, et al., "Data mining with big data," IEEE transactions on knowledge and data engineering, vol. 26, pp. 97-107, 2014.
[9] S. Sicari, et al., "Security, privacy and trust in Internet of Things: The road ahead," Computer networks, vol. 76, pp. 146-164, 2015.
[10] M. S. Hossain and G. Muhammad, "Cloud-assisted industrial internet of things (iiot)–enabled framework for health monitoring," Computer Networks, vol. 101, pp. 192-202, 2016.
[11] A. Mehmood, et al., "Protection of big data privacy," IEEE access, vol. 4, pp. 1821-1834, 2016.
[12] S. Yu, "Big privacy: Challenges and opportunities of privacy study in the age of big data," IEEE access, vol. 4, pp. 2751-2763, 2016.
[13] D. Baker, et al., "Privacy-Preserving Linkage of Genomic and Clinical Data Sets," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, 2018.
[14] G. Manogaran, et al., "A new architecture of Internet of Things and big data ecosystem for secured smart healthcare monitoring and alerting system," Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 82, pp. 375-387, 2018.
[15] A. Lounis, et al., "Healing on the cloud: Secure cloud architecture for medical wireless sensor networks," Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 55, pp. 266-277, 2016.
[16] C. Guo, et al., "Fine-grained database field search using attribute-based encryption for e-healthcare clouds," Journal of medical systems, vol. 40, p. 235, 2016.
[17] H. K. Patil and R. Seshadri, "Big data security and privacy issues in healthcare," in Big Data (BigData Congress), 2014 IEEE International Congress on, 2014, pp. 762-765.
[18] A. N. Kho, et al., "Design and implementation of a privacy preserving electronic health record linkage tool in Chicago," Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, vol. 22, pp. 1072-1080, 2015.
[19] D. Vatsalan, et al., "Privacy-preserving record linkage for big data: Current approaches and research challenges," in Handbook of Big Data Technologies, ed: Springer, 2017, pp. 851-895.
[20] K. Liang, et al., "Privacy-preserving ciphertext multi-sharing control for big data storage," IEEE transactions on information forensics and security, vol. 10, pp. 1578-1589, 2015.

Johny Antony P, Antony Selvadoss Thanamani, "A Novel Ide Based Privacy Preserving Method For Big Data Using Paritial Least Square Regression and ε-Differential Privacy Algorithms," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.131-140, 2018.

Routing protocols govern a network to facilitate the communication easier under specific network topology. Network researchers have presented various routing protocols for VANETs having different categories. Among these, the proactive, reactive and hybrid protocols are mostly prominent. Performance analysis of these routing protocols for MANET has been proposed earlier. But the main motive of this paper is to analyze the different performance metrics (throughput, end to end delay, routing overhead, packet delivery ratio, dropped packet) individually by which these protocols are compared in VANET. We have carried out the performance evaluation of Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) as proactive, hybrid and reactive routing protocols, respectively, using NS2 simulator. In this paper, for simulation a particular scenario has been discussed. On the completion of this simulation we could have a clear view in what conditions VANET can be operated in more efficient manner compared to present VANET network arrangements. The simulation is performed on each routing protocol for varying vehicle nodes with source nodes 10 and 20.

VANET, Routing Protocols, Throughput, End to End delay, Routing Overhead, Packet Delivery Ratio, Dropped Packet, NS2 (Simulator)

[1] B. Marzak, H. Toumi, E. Benlahmar, M. Talea, “Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols in Vehicular Ad-hoc Network”, pp.31-42, November 2017.
[2] Y. Ding, C. Wang, and L. Xiao, "A static-node assisted adaptive routing protocol in vehicular networks" Proceedings of the fourth ACM international workshop on Vehicular Ad-hoc networks, Pages 59-68, ACM New York, USA, September 10, 2007.
[3] S. Chauhan, S. B. Tyagi, “Performance Evaluation Of Reactive Routing Protocols In VANET”, International Journal of Innovations and Advancement in Computer Science, Volume 3, Issue 9, pp. 189-193, November 2014.
[4] M. Kaur, R. Rajni and P. Singh, “Performance Evaluation of V2VCommunication by Implementing Security Algorithm in VANET”, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing: Preface, pp. 757-763, 2012.
[5] B. Marzak, H. Toumi, K. E. Guemmat, A. H. Benlahmar and M. Talea, “A Survey on Routing Protocols for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks”, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9 (S1), December 2016.
[6] N. Fida, F. Khan, M. A. Jan, and Z. Khan, “Performance Analysis of Vehicular Adhoc Network Using Different Highway Traffic Scenarios in Cloud Computing”, pp.157-166, January 2017.
[7] A. Abunei, C. Comşa and I. Bogdan, "Implementation of a Cost-effective V2X hardware and software platform" 2016 International Conference on Communications (COMM), Bucharest, pp. 367-370, 2016.
[8] J. Zhang, W. Li, D. Cui, X. Zhao and Z. Yin, "The NS2-Based Simulation and Research on Wireless Sensor Network Route Protocol", 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, Beijing, pp. 1-4, 2009.
[9] R. Kumari, P. Nand, “Performance Analysis for MANETs using certain realistic mobility models: NS-2”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.70-77, February, 2018.
[10] P. Chouksey, “Introduction to MANET”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Network Security and Communication, Volume-4, Issue-2, April, 2016.

Madhav Kahar Goud, N. M. Istiak Chowdhury, Md. Faqhrul Islam Nahiyan, "Performance Evaluation of Proactive, Reactive and Hybrid Protocols by Varying Vehicle Nodes in Vehicular Ad-hoc Network," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.141-146, 2018.

Classification is one of the important data mining applications in the areas of decision sciences and knowledge extraction from the data. Classification using Association Rule Mining(ARM) is in great demand today with an aim of building moderate sized classifier consisting of limited number of rules from the database with higher classification accuracy rate. This classification approach integrates two important data mining strategies ARM and classification. Association rule mining aims to discover rules without any target based on association among the frequent items in the data where as classification based rule mining aims to discover targeted rules towards a predetermined class. The integration of these two techniques focuses on mining a set of Association Rules (CARs) which is a subset of association rules generate by some ARM technique. This integration also helps to resolve few problems associated with traditional classification systems. This paper attempts to improve the performance of CBA classifier with some modifications and performs the experimental evaluation against traditional classifier C4.5 in terms of error rate, number of classification association rules generated and the execution time.

Rule mining, Classification Association rules, Classifier, Rule Pruning, CBA, Discretization.

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Mittal. K, Aggarwal. G , Mahajan. P, "Improved Prediction Based Mining Approach for Classification using Association rules," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.147-157, 2018.

In power electronics converters applications, the input current to the converter contains a harmonic current which leads to the low power factor. The paper attempts to develop a pulse width modulation (PWM) strategy with a view to improve the input power factor of a buck boost ac-dc converter. The difficulties in the choice of corner frequencies for filter circuits emphasize a resurgent focus on the boundaries of PWM approaches and arbitrate to traverse a fresh direction for enjoying its benefits. The theory relates to the use of two level saw tooth carrier to arrive at the appropriate pulses for both the switches. The philosophy manifests to reshape the input current waveform in an effort to phase align the same with the supply voltage. The scope travels to examine the performance of the methodology using MATLAB based simulation and involve the use of an experimental prototype to validate the results and there from establish its suitability for use in the practical world.

Input power factor, Buck Boost converter, PWM, Microcontroller

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[2] Haw Wang, Jinjun Liu And Dan Hou, “Piecewise Broken Line Approximation Method Implementation In Stability Analysis Of Bidirectional Buck/Boost Converters Cascaded System”,IEEE Trans Power Electronics, Vol 75, July 2009, pp1317-1322.
[3] LeopoldoRossetto, Giorgio SpiazziAnd Paolo Tenti, “Boost PFC With 100-Hz Switching Frequency Providing Output Voltage Stabilization And Compliance With EMC Standards”, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics,Vol 60, July 2004, pp. 931-938.
[4] L.Rossetto, G.Spiazzy, and P.Tenti "Control Techniques for Power factor correction converters”. IEEE Trans.Indu.Elect., Vol 49, Jan 2002, pp 642-651.
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[6] Micah Ortuzar, Juan Dixon And Jorge Moreno, “Design,Construction And Performance of A Buck Boost Converter for An Ultra capacitor- Based Auxiliary Energy System for Electric Vehicles”, IEEE Trans Power Electronics, Vol 55,Oct. 2003, pp2889-2894.
[7] Suja C Rajappan, K.Sarabose, Neetha John “An Efficient AC/DC converter with Power Factor Correction”, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 3, pp.815-820, Issue 3, March 2013.
[8] Pritam Das, Member, IEEE, Majid Pahlevaninezhad, Member, IEEE, and Gerry Moschopoulos, Senior Member, IEEE “Analysis and Design of a New AC–DC Single-Stage Full Bridge PWM Converter With Two Controllers” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 60,pp- no. 11, November 2013.
[9] Dixon J. W., “Boost type PWM rectifiers for high power applications,” Ph.D dissertation, Dept. Elect. Comput. Eng., McGill Univ., Montreal, QC, Canada, Jun. 1988.
[10] El-Habrouk M., Darwish M. K., and Mehta P., “Active power filters: a review”, Proc. IEEE Electric Power Applications, vol. 147, pp. 493-513, Sept. 2000.
[11] Huai Wei, Issa Batarseh, Guangyong Zhu, Peter Kornetzky “A Single-Switch AC–DC Converter with Power Factor Correction” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 15, no.3, pp.421-430, may 2000.

Rajalakshmi G , Ashok Kumar R, Asokan K, "Power Factor Improvement of Buck-Boost AC-DC Converter using Pulse Width Modulation Strategy," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.11, pp.158-163, 2018.